Reclamations In Xinjiang In The Qing Dynasty And The Urban Market Development

Farming during the Qing Dynasty in ancient China, the history of the larger, lasted longer, relatively far-reaching impact of settlement activity. Farming activities have not only promoted the development of agricultural production, but also society as a whole during the Qing Dynasty the basis of economic recovery and development.Farming activities in Xinjiang, the Qing Dynasty in different historical stages of the different key areas reclaimed, the Qing government, after reunification of South and North, due to historical and practical reasons, in the Qianlong period of settlement in the region mainly in the Tianshan Road, after decades of development, Tianshan Road, gradually formed a relatively complete agricultural areas. Road salt period, due to changes in the situation at home and abroad, the Qing government to shift the focus of Cultivation to the Tianshan road areas, after large-scale development, Tianshan road area has undergone huge changes. Province during the change of the situation the Government inventory of Xinjiang Farming system changes, developed a new constitution Mita, the Qing Government initiatives and the joint efforts of people of all nationalities, the Xinjiang economy gradually recovered and developed further.Farming activities carried out with the large-scale, two-way north and south of Tianshan town development and active economy. Tianshan Road, the main town there Ili and Urumqi, Tianshan road Kashgar, Yarkand, Aksu, etc. is more important towns, both in the Qian Jia Road or the province during the period, these towns are relatively prosperous socio-economic developed. Qianlong period, there have been regional Urumqi, the guild organization "Center", which largely reflected in Urumqi, the development of commodity economy and the extent of the town market. Period in the province, Xinjiang has obvious regional characteristics appeared in eight major business group, its influence throughout the South and North, a wide range of business, largely explain the commercial trade and towns in Xinjiang active and thriving economy.Qing Xinjiang Mita between market development and the town what does it matter? I think the following three points:first, during the Qing Dynasty Mita is the material basis of urban market development, through the Farming activities, a large number of people gathered, they live in the Fortress of settlement development over time, gradually evolved into villages, markets and towns, while a large part of its products in circulation in the market, therefore the circulation of commodities and to promote the development of active and urban markets. Therefore, there is no Mita activities, the existence and development of these towns is not possible. Second, to promote the town during the Qing Dynasty Mita functional changes. Such as the Ili and Urumqi, Wushi of military functions such as urban-based initially, but with Mita's development and socio-economic development, the function of these towns in order to gradually change the main economic function. Tarbaghatai located in the northwest frontier, and military strategic position is very important, but a consumer of town, most goods are trafficked come from all over. Third, the "Sima trade" and urban economic development. Farming activities in the Qing government in order to promote the smooth progress, and to carry out many tribal peoples Outlying Prefectures of trade, exchange a large number of horses and cattle and sheep. This kind of national trade development in addition to favorable Mita, but also the towns of Xinjiang's development of economic and commercial trade has a positive meaning.Farming activities, although, based on the two north and south of Tianshan the commodity economy and urban markets has been greatly developed, but due to the existence of government-run shops, the Qing government's exorbitant taxes and levies, "eight-gate" as well as traditional forms of trade such as Britain and Russia State of oppression and exclusion, the development of the town market during the Qing Dynasty a lot of difficulties, their development and urban markets, compared to the mainland or not sufficient, and backward.