| 1. PurposeAnalysis of the Singapore region knee osteoarthritis syndrome characteristics, study the relevant factors in osteoarthritis of the effects of Chinese medicine to provide more theoretical support for TCM, thus guide clinical treatment, improve the curative efficiency, have more understanding of root causes of illness through the analysis of risk factors. Hence, controlling these factors will result in less possibility of illness.2. MethodsAs per literate and clinic findings, Knee Osteoarthritis patients with common symptoms of the disease and associated factors, I work out these questionnaires. With the same criteria of like general information, medical history, symptoms and common tongue, pulse etc, to conduct the survey in Singapore TCM clinics, study 100 cases of confirmed Knee Osteoarthritis, dialectic analysis after collect all these info with an uniformed format of form. After getting all data, analyze with SPSS statistical analysis software.3. ResultsOut of these 100 cases of knee osteoarthritis patients, 78 nos are women, accounting for 78%, 22 nos are male and 22%.Number of female patients is 3.55 times of male's .The average age of patients is 60.37±9.78 years. The average age of male is 59.59±10.83-year-old female with an average age 60.58±9.53years. Majority Occupation of patients is house-wife, accounting 52%. The smallest BMI 18.5, the largest 32.89, the average 23.77±2.93. There is 44 cases of BMI between 18.5 to 22.9, accounting 44%;27 cases between 23 to 25,accounting 27%;26 cases between 25 to 29, accounting 26%;3 cases of BMI above 30, accounting 3%.By TCM syndrome, the Hepatorenal Inadequate, Fasciitis Stasis are the majority and accounting for 53%. The Hepatorenal Inadequate and Fasciitis Stasis syndrome will reduce as grow older after 50 years old, but the liver-kidney insufficiency and Stagnation of Phlegm will grow as older ages. The shortest duration of illness is one month, and 214 for the longest. The average duration of 36.96±41.6 months. There is only one case for the Kidney-liver insufficiency and Stagnation of Phlegm, with duration of illness less than half a year, accounting 3.57 percent. As per duration longer, its share will grow much more. For duration more than 5 years, its share will be 46.63 percent. As duration of illness longer, cause of ill becomes quite complicated and always followed by more severe situation.There are 98 percent of the ill causes will related to exertion, which should be blamed for the major cause of such disease. There are 26 cases will related to climate, 15 cases to environment, and 8 cases to dietetics.Chance of getting a Knee osteoarthritis increases as age turns older for patients with a history of Hypertension or Diabetes. History of diabetes is related to the kidney-liver insufficiency and Stagnation of Phlegm. History of hypertension is related to the Kidney-Liver insufficient evidence and Stagnation of Phlegm. Injury history will have to do with Kidney-liver insufficiency, Stagnation of Phlegm, Splenorenal Deficiency and Wet Condyle.Symptoms : Knee pain more occurred on both side. There are 45 cases pain on both side, 34 cases on right side, 21 on left side. The pain on right side knee is more than on left. The majority of the pain is like soreness pain, swelling pain, accounting for a greater percentage, especially soreness pain, and it accounted for over 50%; In most cases there is no swelling. Knee swelling rate 27%, knee deformities rate 30%, the occurrence of knee effusion 21%, night time pain 8%. There are 54 cases of stiffness knee likely occurred in the morning and 53 cases more likely on the other times. The cause of more pain is due to climbing stair case 79%, rainy day 47%, encounter cold 34%, and night time 8%. This group of patient, 64% with a normal tongue, 35% with a fat or teeth marked tongue. The color of tongue, 57% is light or light white, 20% is dark or ecchymosis. The tongue moss, 73% is thin or thin white, 12% is white or white-Greasy. The most common pulse is String Pulse, accounting 25%. Others like Fine Pulse 23%, Deep Acerbity Pulse or Fine Acerbity 21%, String Fine Pulse 13%, Slippery Pulse 13%. It shows that the main cause of illness is due to Han Yang-deficiency, Wet, Phlegm and internal exertion.Concomitant symptoms : the proportion of which, Soft Waist-Knee Pain 61%, Mental Fatigue 40%, Afraid of Cold 36%, Indistinct White Looking 22%. All-round analysis of the findings, the occurrence of kidney deficiency rate above 60%, and more of Weak Kidney Yang, somewhat rare of Weak Kidney Yin. Cases with clear symptom of Frustrating Five Symptoms of heat are three. The Weak Spleen symptom case is rare.4. ConclusionBased on 100 patients Survey found that osteoarthritis patients commonly with symptom of Hepatorenal Syndrome Inadequate, Fasciitis Stasis; They are mostly women, after middle-aged and feel pains on both side of knees; syndrome is more commonly to be Soft Waist-Knee Pain, Mental Fatigue, Afraid of Cold, Indistinct White Looking Face Diagnosis of tongue and the Pulse suggest that the main cause should be Live-Kidney Weakness, Yang Weakness, Wet, Phlegm and Internal exertion, blockage of blood flow. The illness focus on Knee joint, but it does a lot to do with Kidney, Liver and Slpeen. According to cases collected, major incidence increases with age, fatigue, YANG, wet and the bad blood. Incidence of Weak Kidney is about 60% among the 100 cases, and more of Weak Kidney Yang, somewhat rare of Weak Kidney Yin. Cases with clear symptom of Frustrating Five Symptoms of heat are three. The Weak Spleen symptom case is rare.A strong and fit person has better resistance to disease over weak person. After a man reach meddle age, his Yang Qi will decline, together with physical resilience and ability of adjusting. Most of Singapore houses installed air-con because of the tropical weather, this causes great difference in temperature between indoor and outdoor. Un-fit person will fall in sick easily as unable to adjust body to such changes. Overall the environmental factors accounted for 15% of such disease, as the reason mentioned above, also due to Yang weakness to response fast enough to adapt to temperature changes of these group of people. Base on previous literature, Osteoarthritis of the knee aggravates during autumn and winter, the season transforming. That is why it has a nick name like Old Cold Legs, weather forecaster. The survey results tell us: Cause of Osteoarthritis of the knee in Singapore is different from Literatures, is mainly due to the tropical hot and humid weather, excessively use Air-con and dietetic habits. |
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