Large Winged Thistle Fruit Pharmacognosy

Systematic pharmacognostic study of fruits of Onopordum acanthium L. is carried out by plant morphology, macroscopic morphology, microscopic morphology and chemical constituents, etc. in this thesis.Transverse section, powder characteristics, physicochemical characteristics of fruits was observed and described. The identification methods of fruits were also studied. Stone cells of endocarp were observed for the first time.Through some chromatographic methods such as silica gel etc., 8 monomers have been isolated from the fruits of Onopordum acanthium L. , and 5 monomers including 1 flavonoid, 1 lignan, 1 fatty acid and 2 triterpenes, were identified by physical-chemical properties and spectrum data. They are quercetin(Ⅰ), arctiin(Ⅱ), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid(Ⅲ), p-sitosterol (Ⅳ) and daucosterol(Ⅴ). Among them, compound Ⅱ is obtained from Onopordum acanthium L. for the first time. So it means lignans are obtained from Onopordum acanthium L. for the first time. Compound Ⅰ～ Ⅳ are obtained from the fruits of Onopordum acanthium L. grown in China for the first time. The chemical components of essential oil and seed oil in the fruits were analyzed by GC—MS for the first time. As a result, 33 compounds have been isolated and 27 monomers were identified.HPLC method was established for the determination of arctiin in Onopordum acanthium L. for the first time. The content of arctiin in samples collected was determined by HPLC.The acute toxicity of water extract from the fruits and the effects on hemostasia and irritation to skin were determined by the pharmacological tests for the first time.