| Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid, is an abundant by-product of Citrus cultivation with significant pharmacological effect, including its effects on the vascular system, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic activity etc. There are a lot of research has been done on hesperidin, but citrus peel is still a big waste in the citrus processing industry. The study focused on extraction, purification and also studied the regulation on blood lipids and its mechanism in hyper-lipidemic rats of hesperidin from Citrus unshiu peel .The main results were described as follows:1. Ultrasonic assisted extraction of hesperidin:The results showed that the extraction effect of methanol was best compared with the ethanol and acetone ones. The smaller size of the citrus peel particle the higher extraction ratio it has, the 2-3,1-0.45 and 0.45-0.088mm different size of the citrus powder confirmed this. As to the extraction time was concerned, the best extraction time was 30 minutes. And we inferred that the ultrasound has its destructive effect to the structure of hesperidin. That is the reason why after the ratio reaches its maximum and it will decrease along with time went on. The ratio of methanol and citrus peel is 50:1, moreover, the pure methanol was the best among different concentrations.2. Orthogonal design test showed the factors, which influenced the extraction result, from high to low were size of particle, concentration of methanol, ratio of methanol and peel particle and extraction time. The optimum extraction process was that the pure methanol solvent, 0.45-0.088mm size, 40min ultrasonic extraction time and the ratio of methanol and peel powder was 50:1(ml/g), at this time the extraction ratio was 3.2%. The reproducibility of the five times of the experiment at the optimum extraction condition as we mention above was 82.5%, 83.5%, 82.9%, 84.5%, 84.1% respectively.3. The effects of compound hesperidin (including: hesperidin and vitamin C) on blood lipids in hyperlipidemic rats:(1) Total cholesterol (TC)The blood TC level of in the mid-stage (30d) and late stage (60d) of the high, medium and low dose of hesperidin compound were decreased 4.3%, 2.2%, 0.7% and 11%, 20%, 14% respectively. The p value of medium dose group was 0.012 less than 0.05 significantly difference with the control group. But there was no significantly difference between the administration groups.(2) High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)Compound hesperidin also plays an important role on increasing the concentration of blood HDL-C. In 30 and 60 days the value of HDL-C in the high, medium and lower groups increased 12.2%, 16.3%, 20.4% and 4.1%, 21.6%, 11.3% respectively. At 30 days the blood HDL-C in lower dose group had no significantly different with the normal group's (p>0.05), and in late stage the medium group had the significant different with the control group.(3) Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)Compound hesperidin also contributed its function on the LDL-C. In the 30 and 60 day, the blood LDL-C of high, medium and low group had decreased 3.3%, 6.5%, 0.8% and 6.3%, 23.3%, 5.7% respectively. Compared with control group, the medium group had decreased the LDL-C significantly.(4) Triglycerides (TG)To TG, the data we mentioned above was 1.5%, 11.2%, 4.5% and 22.5%> 29.8%> 23.0%. In the 60 day, TG of all administration groups had significant different with control group and had no significant different with the normal group.4. The effects of compound heserpdin on the activities of LCAT, LPL, HL and HMG CoA reductase were as follow:(1) Lecithin cholesteryl acetyl transferase (LCAT)Within the five groups, the activities of the control group had the lowest value compared with other four groups. High and medium dosages of compound hesperidin could rise the activities of LCAT (P<0.05, PO.01) . No significant differences were observed within the three administration groups.(2) Lipoprteinlipase (LPL)The activity of LPL in control group was lower than normal group but it was not significant. The activity in the three-administration group increased a little and only the medium group the activity of LPL has significant different with control one.(3) Hepaticlipase (HL)The activity of HL in control group was lowered than that of normal group by the compound. At the end of the experiment, compound hesperidin enhanced HL a lot but only the medium has significant different increase (P<0.01).(4) HMG CoAThe compound hesperidn cannot change it significantly.5 ResultsResults of the work showed that the ultrasonic extraction could short the time and enhance the extraction ratio. The compound hesperidin could lower TC, LDL-C and TG in blood;moreover, it can elevate the HDL-C in blood of rat. |
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