Shengjiangsan Experimental Study Of Anti-influenza A Virus

World-wide, people are familiar with influenza, the disease caused by the orthomyxoviruses. The family orthomyxoviridae comprises influenza A, B, and C viruses. Epidemics which must have been caused by influenza viruses have been described for 2000 year. Typically, there is a sudden appearance of cases of respiratory disease, these last for several weeks and then suddenly cease. Epidemics of influenza leaded to lots of losses, for example, the great pandemic of 1918-19 was particularly severe, killing between 20 million and 40 million people as it spread around the world. So people pay more attention to seek the methods to treat and prevent influenza.In this thesis, the compounded medicine of Sheng Jiang San (SJS) was choiced, which is prescribed by Yang Su-shang of Qing dynasty. It can raise Yang, scatter fire, clear heat and release stasis. Many clinic reports showed that it could treat various kinds of heat diseases, including influenza, but there were a few studies about it. So the work, aiming to study the antiviral mechanism of SJS, consisted of theoretic research and laboratorial research.Literature OverviewThe author has reviewed the ancient and up-date data on knowledge especially treatment of influenza. Success came in 1933 when sir Christpher Andrewes and others isolated influenza A virus. Continued isolation studies and analysis of isolates have given an understanding of how the epidemic behavior relates to change in the virus. At the present, some medicines which have been used to treat influenza, such as amantadine, rimantadine and ribavirin, can effectively inhibit the influenza virus, but the applying of them is limited because of their side effects. So far, this infectious disease has been not effectively controlled. But the data showed that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) had played a more and more important role in treatment of influenza. So, it is necessary to further study the antiviral mechanism of TCM.Laboratorial StudyAIMS: To prove the antiviral effect and its mechanism of SJS through laboratorial study with modern medical methods, and to offers a scientific foundation for the applying of SJS on influenza. METHODS: In vitro, influenza virus FM1 were inoculated into MDCK cells, the antiviral effects of SJS were observed. In vivo, the influences on lung index, death rate of mice infected by influenza virus, titer of hemagglution with chicken red blood cell (RBC) was observed in the mice infected with virus from nose. RESULTS: In vitro, the minimal effective concentrations of SJS against the influenza virus FM1 was1. 56g/ml, this medicine inhibited the intracellular replication of influenza virus. In vivo, SJS could improve the mouse pneumonia caused by influenza virus(Comparison with model control group, P(<0.05); It could decrease the virus titer in mouse lung by hemagglution; as well as it prolonged the life span of mouse infected with pneumonia by influenza virus A strain FM1 and H3N2. CONCLUTION: SJS inhibited the proliferation of influenza virus A and improved the symptom of mouse pneumonia caused by influenza virus, and reduced the mortality rate of intranasal infected, prolonging their lives. Based upon the results it appears that the SJS may be valuable in treating Influenza.,Further more, the antibacterial effects of SJS were observed in vitro and Tupaia Belangeri (TB) model infected by influenza virus A strain H3N2 had been established in this thesis. In our study, it showed that SJS could inhibit the Staphylococcus aurous, but there was no effective on inhibiting the Bacterium coli. Study of TB model showed that TB is susceptive to influenza virus strain H3N2, it should be useful for further study of influenza virus pathogenesis as well as for screening antiviral compounds.The antiviral and antibacterial effects of SJS in vitro and in vivo provided scientific experimental basis for treatment on Upper respiratory infection (including influenza) in clinic.