| Genetic factors and environmental factors will produce under the combined effect of obesity.The number of fat cells in the body increases and the volume increases,or only one of the conditions,resulting in increased body fat,will produce obesity.Human obesity and diet are often closely related,such as high-fat,high-sugar diet.Animal models of obesity induced by high-fat and high-sugar diet were similar to human obesity,so the animal model of obesity was prepared by high-fat and high-sugar diet.The mammalian body is divided into white adipose tissue(WAT)and brown adipose tissue(BAT).White adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue consists of a large number of clusters of fat cells,thin layer of loose connective tissue will these groups of fat cells into the leaflets.White adipose tissue(WAT)is widely distributed in animals,mainly used to store excess energy,a significant increase in white adipose tissue is the main feature of obese patients.Brown fat cells(BAC)exist in small mammals and human infants,resisting low temperatures and obesity,and consuming chemical energy.In this study,we investigated the physiological changes of Tupaia belangeri under high-fat and high-sugar diet.18F-FDG was injected into the Tupaia belangeri,and the whole body scan was performed by PET-CT.The uptake of brown adipose tissue in Tupaia belangeri under high-fat and high-sugar condition was analyzed and discussed.The hematoxylin-eosin(HE)sections were prepared from the white and adipose tissues of Tupaia belangeri.The sections were stained with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.Morphological changes of adipose tissue of Tupaia belangeri were observed by electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the fat cells of Tupaia belangeri.Normal Tupaia belangeri and Tupaia belangeri adipose tissue cultured under high-fat and high-sugar diet were used to investigate the plastic transformation between white-adipocyte and brown-fat cell in food-induced condition Tupaia belangeri provide important basic physiological data for experimental animal models and establishment of food-induced obesity models.There were 4 parts in this paper:1 The basic physiology of Tupaia belangeri with high fat and sugar food conditions2 Study of PET-CT Scanning Imaging of Tupaia belangeri with High Fat andHigh Sugar Content3 Study on the morphology of adipose tissue of Tupaia belangeri with high fat and high sugar content4 Flow Cytometry Analysis of Adipocytes in Tupaia belangeri with High Fat and High Sugar ContentMain Results:1.The basic physiology of Tupaia belangeri with high fat and high sugarThe body weight of Tupaia belangeri increased significantly with the prolongation of experiment time.The difference between the control group and the experimental group was significant at 14 days after modeling.At 21 days,the difference of body weight Reaching the extremely significant level.The weight gain of Tupaia belangeri in high-fat and high-sugar diet was mainly due to the increase of white fat,so the white fat weight was compared.At 28 days,the WAT weight was significantly different from that of the control group,and the WAT weight at 49 days was significantly different from that of the control group.The content of WAT in Tupaia belangeri was 3.7 times as high as control group.In high-fat and high-sugar diet group,the WAT content of Tupaia belangeri was 6.4 times that of the control group.The body fat content was significantly different between the control group and the control group at day 28 and the body fat content at the 49 th day was significantly higher than that of the control group.The body fat content of the high fat and high sugar food group was 2.4 times as much as that of the control group.The body fat content of the high fat and high sugar diet group was 4.9 times as much as that of the control group.At 28 days,there were significant differences in the blood glucose level between the Tupaia belangeri and the Tupaia belangeri in the experimental group.The blood sugar level in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,but there was no significant difference.When the experiment was carried out for 49 days,not only the blood glucose level of Tupaia belangeri was significantly higher than that of the control group,the difference of triglyceride,high density lipoprotein of Tupaia belangeri was significant,and total cholesterol was significantly different from that of control Tupaia belangeri.The total cholesterol and triglyceride in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group.Both cholesterol and triglyceride were higher in high-fat and high-sugar diet group than in the control group.There were no significant differences from control group in WBC,HGB,RBC,except PLT of Tupaia belangeri.The high-fat and high-sugar diet induced28 d and 49 day groups of Tupaia belangeri platelets were significantly Higer than control group.2.Study of PET-CT Scanning Imaging of Tupaia belangeri with High Fat and High Sugar ContentThe average radiation value of SUV was 2.4 times as much as the control group,and the average radiation value of SUD in the 49 d group was 1.2(P <0.05),the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05)Times.FDG uptake in the groin WAT was increased in 28 days of food induction,indicating its metabolic enhancement.The average radiation value of SUV was 5.3 times as much as that of the control group,and the average radiation value of SUV was 2.6 times of the control group in the 49 d group after 60 min of 18-fluoro-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG)absorption of the scapula BAT in the 28 d group.Increased BAT activity in the scapula of Mytilus sinensis during food induction.The absorption of WAT in the Tupaia belangeri 's "typical" WAT increased during the process of gaining weight,which may be caused by beige fat cells or brown fat cells in the "typical" WAT of Tupaia belangeri,but with the experiment,Absorption decreased.3.Study on the morphology of adipose tissue of Tupaia belangeri with high fat and high sugar content(1)Hematoxylin-Eosin staining sectionsThe control group was a typical single-fat adipocyte with a large lipid droplet in the center of the white-adipose tissue in the abdomen of Tupaia belangeri.In the HE slices,it was found that a small number of adipocytes with small lipid droplets were isolated from single-fat adipocytes at 28 days after induction of high-fat and high-sugar diet.In the high-fat high-sugar foods induced 49 d,more with small fat droplets of foam cells appear.Compared with the control group at the 28 d the fat droplet diameter of the axillary brown fat cells of the sham shrimp in the experimental group increased significantly in the experimental group,and the distribution of lipid droplets in brown fat cells was relatively loose.At the 49 th day,the lipid droplets in the brown fat cells of the Tupaia belangeri in the experimental group showed more cells with more fat droplet diameter than the 28 d group,and the arrangement was more loose.(2)Immunohistochemical staining sectionsCompared with the control group,the expression of UCP1 in the white adipose tissue of the Tupaia belangeri was partly brown in the 28 days,and the expression ofUCP1 in the white adipose tissue of 49 d was lower than that in the white adipose tissue in the white adipose tissue The brown area is very small.During the 28 days,the UCP1 expression in the brown adipose tissue of the Tupaia belangeri was more brown,and with the increase of the time of induction of high-fat and high-sugar food,the same tissue site Of the UCP1 positive brownish area decreased,and the color lighter,indicating that the growth of heat in the heat during the weight gain,UCP1 expression increased,but obesity decreased heat production,UCP1 expression also decreased.(3)Immunofluorescence staining sectionsThe UCP1-positive red fluorescence of the white adipose tissue in the control group and the high-fat and high-glucose group for 49 days was less and dim in the white adipose tissue immunofluorescence staining section of the abdomen of the Tupaia belangeri,while in the high fat high glucose group,Some of the UCP1-positive red fluorescent ellipses were found in the white adipose tissue of the membrane.In the armpit brown adipose tissue,the UCP1-positive red fluorescence ellipses were found in the brown fat tissue of the 28 d group,which was the expression of UCP1 in the mitochondria.The expression of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue of the control group and experimental group was relatively less.4.Flow Cytometry Analysis of Adipocytes in Tupaia belangeri with High Fat and High Sugar ContentIn the control group,the WAT in the abdomen of the Tupaia belangeri was detected by UCP1 antibody.The positive rate of the R2 group was 1.68%.The WAT of the Tupaia belangeri was marked by UCP1 antibody in the 28 days of high fat and high sugar diet,36.33% of the cells were positive,The positive rate of WAT was3.74% when the WAT of the Tupaia belangeri was marked by UCP1 antibody.The positive rate of WAT and R2 group was 0.55% in the control group and 4.51% in the control group,while WAT in the sham group was higher than that in the high-fat and high-carbohydrate group for 28 days.4.51% of the cells were positive for CD137 antibody,The positive rate of WAT in Tupaia belangeri was 0.84% after being labeled with CD137 antibody.In the control group,the R2 group of the scapula BAT was3.54% positive with UCP1 antibody.After 28 days of induction of high-fat and high-sugar diet,the R2 group in BAT was 28.3% in the BAT group and 36.33% in the BAT group,and 13.34% in the R2 group of the 49 d group induced by UCP1 antibody As positive.Conclusion:In this experiment,the physiological data of Tupaia belangeri including body weight,WAT weight,body fat,blood routine,blood glucose and blood lipid biochemical indexes of high-fat and high-sugar diet were studied.The 18F-FDG PET/ CT technique was used to demonstrate the thermogenesis and activity of "typical" brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue of Tupaia belangeri with high fat and high sugar.The morphological basis of beige fat cells was found by comparing the adipose tissue hematoxylin-eosin staining sections,immunochemical staining sections and immunofluorescence sections of normal and experimental groups.The flow cytometry was used for the first time to compare the adipocytes of the obese Tupaia belangeri induced by high fat and high sugar diet,and the specificity markers of the beige fat cells were used for the first time.(CD137 antibody)on adipocytes were flow sorted. |
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