Equalization Of Basic Public Services In Urban And Rural Integration Process Of Research

By the reform and development in the past 30 years, China is undergoing a transition from a survival society focusing on solving the basic problems of food and clothing to a developing society targeting for promoting the all-round development of each individual. The contradiction between the rapid and comprehensive increase of the public needs and demands and the shortage of basic public service and products has become an obvious problem in the new stage. Under such background, to realize the equalization of basic public services between rural and urban areas has become an important task in balancing the development in rural and urban areas and promoting the process of Rural-Urban integration in the new stage.This paper has ,in the first place ,done a theoretical analysis on the issue of equalization of basic public service in rural and urban areas. In the conception"the equalization of basic public service",we should see the"public service"from the the narrow sense of the government function,that is providing the public products."public service"means the products and services offered by the government for its function, in order to meet the public needs and realize social justice. It includes value judgement and is owned by the public in the whole society."basic"means basic aspect and basic level. We put basic education medical service, social security ,the problem of employment and other products and services that is related to people's livelihood on the list of"basic public service". The level of"the equalization of the basic public service"is related to the level of social and economic development and the government's fiscal capacity."the equalization of the basic public service between rural and urban areas is a relative and dynamic one based on the basic level.After the theoretical analysis, this paper makes empirical study on the currrent unequalization of the basic public service between rural and urban areas in China. Through a great deal of data, it compares comprehensively the disparity in compulsary education, medical service , social security and other aspects between rural and urban areas and clarify the necessity and urgency to promote the equalization of basic public services between rural and urban areas currently.The fourth part of the article makes a comprehensive and systemic analysis on the realistic reason of the unequalization of the basic public service between rural and urban areas in China. From macroscopic perspective,the fundamental reason lies in the dual structure in rural and urban areas,including the household registration system,employment system,education system,social security system,etc. All these system lead to the unequality in rights,opportunities,abilities between rural and urban dwellers,thus hampering the process of the equalization of the basic public service in rural and urban areas severely. From mesoscopic perspective,the reaon lies in the imperfect fiscal system. The current fiscal system is not conducive to balancing the supplyment of the basic public service between rural and urban areas. The support central government has given to the rural area in public service is far less than to the urban area. The fiscal capacity of the grassroot government is quite limited. And the the financial transfer and payment system has not been given full play in promoting the equalization. The imperfection of the fiscal system is also an obstacle in smoothly realizing the equaliztion of the basic public service. From the microscopic perspective ,the supply mechanism of basic public service in rural areas is quite imperfect,with insufficient amount,single subject and unreasonable structure. All these are contradictions to be resolved in releazing the equalization of the basic public service between rural and urban areas.Proceeding from actual conditions,in order to achieve equalization of the basic public service ,we need to carry out a series of reform and innovation from the top down and from macro to micro. First, we should break away with the dual structure in rural and urban area and guarantee that rural residents enjoy the same rights,oppotulity and ability. Second,we should intensify the reform of public fiscal system oriented by the equalization of basic public service,and establish a public fiscal system that is conducive to promoting the equalization of the basic public service between rural and urban areas. The last but not least,we should step up to improve the supply system of basic public system in rural areas,bettering the mechanism of expressing peasants'rights and interests,enhancing the the supply subject innovation of the basic public service in rural areas,thus establishing the effective mechanism through which the urban areas support and back feed the rural areas.