| With the development of economy and the progress of technology and science,human beings are facing a series of questions including the resources,the environment and the energy.As a result, human beings have to reconsider the relationship between mankind and nature so as to realize the harmonious development between the social economy and the environment.The sustainable development theory since statement has become the focus of many researchers all over the world. With the further study of sustainable development,the quantitative measurement of the sustainable development,which determines the establishment and implement of strategies and the realization of sustainable development,is becoming the key of the problem.Recently,the eco-environment was badly damaged due to the rapid progress of economy in Inner Mongolia.Therefore,this paper takes Inner Mongolia as the research area.According to the present situation of Inner Mongolia,this paper makes the time and the spatial assessment to Inner Mongolia's sustainable development ability using the new sustainable development index system including ecological tension index,ecological occupancy index,ecological economic coordination index and sustainable development index,based on the ecological footprint.Meanwhile,the results can provide a basis of decision analysis for the relevance decision-making in this study area,so as to promote the region sustainable development.Conclusions drawn in the study are as follows:(1) The ecological footprint per capita of Inner Mongolia presents a trend of escalation from 1997 to 2006,increasing from 2.8702hm~2 per capita in 1997 to 7.3791hm~2 per capita in 2006,and the annual increase is 0.5010hm~2.In 2006,besides Wuhai,Erdos and Xilinguole League,other leagues and cities' ecological footprints per capita are lower than Inner Mongolia's ecological footprint per capita.Compared with 1997,the ecological footprint per capita of 12 leagues and cities in 2006 are all increasing,in which Wuhai's increase range is the biggest,Alashan League's is the smallest,the ecological footprint per capita of Wuhai is also the biggest,Alashan League is the smallest,and the ecological footprint per capita of Wuhai(35.3825hm~2) is 10.68 times bigger than Alashan League(3.3125hm~2).(2) The ecological capacity per capita of Inner Mongolia presents a trend of escalation from 1997 to 2006,increasing from 2.0289hm~2 per capita in 1997 to 4.2078hm~2 per capita in 2006,and the annual increase is 0.2421hm~2.In 2006,besides Hulunbeier and Alashan League,other leagues and cities' ecological capacity per capita are lower than Inner Mongolia's ecological footprint per capita.Compared with 1997,the ecological capacity per capita of 12 leagues and cities in 2006 are all increasing,in which Hulunbeier's increase range is the biggest,Wuhai's is the slowest,the ecological capacity per capita of Hulunbeier is the biggest,Wuhai is the smallest,and the ecological capacity per capita of Hulunbeier(12.7461hm~2) is 40.94 times bigger than the Wuhai(0.3114hm~2). But Huhhot as the capital city of Inner Mongolia,its ecological capacity per capita in the third last in 1997,the penultimate in 2006.Obviously,this shows that the sustainable development of Huhhot is not optimistic.(3) During the ten years,Inner Mongolia is at the ecological deficit condition.Besides Hulunbeier and Alashan League,other leagues and cities all present ecological deficits and the ecological deficits per capita keep increasing.Compared with 1997,the ecological deficit per capita and its increase range of Wuhai in 2006 are the biggest among 12 leagues and cities in Inner Mongolia,whereas Wuhai has the smallest land area in Inner Mongolia,accounted for only 0.15%. Such a small area has to bear such a large ecological deficit,reflecting the conventional energy source economy is Wuhai's pillar industry.(4) The ten thousand Yuan GDP ecological footprint of Inner Mongolia is reducing year by year, reduced from 5.7869hm~2 in 1997 to 3.6844hm~2 in 2006,and the annual reduce is 0.2336hm~2.In 2006,the ten thousand Yuan GDP ecological footprint of Wuhai is the greatest among 12 leagues and cities,indicating that the use of resources in Wuhai is inefficient.This is mainly Wuhai City has the big leak effect in the course of development of energy economy,which may be related to the high leakage of foreign capital into the local investment.Compared with 1997,the ten thousand Yuan GDP ecological footprints of 11 cities and leagues in Inner Mongolia present a dropping tendency except Wuhai.(5) The ecological tension index of Inner Mongolia shows a downward trend during the past ten years,transforming from the state of "a bit unsafe" to the state of "comparably safe".Besides Hulunbeier and Alashan League,other cities and leagues' ecological security rank is very low. Compared with 1997,besides Huhhot,Wuhai,Chifeng,Erdos and Tongliao,other leagues and cities' ecological tension index in 2006 presents a dropping tendency,in which Wulanchabu City and Xilinguole League's lowered range is the biggest,reduced 0.42,but Wulanchabu City's ecology has been "relatively unsafe"(level 3),Xilinguole League rises from "at risk"(level 1) to "unsafe"(level 2);but Huhhot's increase range is the biggest,been in the state of "at risk"(level 1).(6) The ecological occupancy index of Inner Mongolia increases from 1.30 in 1997 to 3.35 in 2006,rising from "a bit rich" to "rich".In 1997,Huhhot,Wulanchabu and Xingan League were "comparably poor"(level 2),other leagues and cities were "a bit rich"(level 3).Compared with 1997,the ecological occupancy index of 12 leagues and cities in 2006 are all increasing,and besides Alashan League,the rank of other leagues and cities has been rising,including "a bit rich"(level 3), "relatively rich"(level 4),"rich"(level 5) and "very rich"(level 6),in which Wuhai's increase range was the biggest,rising from "a bit rich"(level 3) to "very rich"(level 6).(7) The ecological economic coordination index of Inner Mongolia increases from 1.39 in 1997 to 4.35 in 2006,rising from "a bit bad coordination" to "good coordination".In 1997,the ecological economic coordination index of 12 leagues and cities in Inner Mongolia occupied the low three ranks.Compared with 1997,the ecological economic coordination index of 12 leagues and cities in 2006 are all increasing,and besides Chifeng and Tongliao,the rank of other leagues and cities has been rising,altogether occupied six ranks,in which Hulunbeier's increase range is the biggest,from "a bit good coordination"(level 3) to "pretty good coordination"(level 6);next is Wuhai,from "bad coordination"(level 1) to "good coordination"(level 5);Tongliao and Chifeng's increase range is the smallest,Tongliao in "a bit bad coordination"(level 2),Chifeng in "bad coordination"(level 1).(8) The sustainable development index of Inner Mongolia increases from 1.09 in 1997 to 1.74 in 2006,rising from "a bit good sustainability" to "good sustainability".In 1997,the sustainable development index of 12 leagues and cities in Inner Mongolia occupied the low three ranks. Compared with 1997,the sustainable development index of 12 leagues and cities in 2006 are all increasing,occupied the high four ranks,in which Wuhai's increase range is the biggest,from "a bit bad sustainability"(level 2) to "pretty good sustainability"(level 6);next is Erdos and Hulunbeier, from "a bit good sustainability"(level 3) to "good sustainability"(level 5);Xilinguole League and Wulanchabu City from "a bit bad sustainability"(level 2) to "relatively good sustainability"(level 4); Baotou,Bayannaoer and Alashan league from "a bit good sustainability"(level 3) to "relatively good sustainability"(level 4);Huhhot from "bad sustainability"(level 1) to"a bit good sustainability" (level 3);Chifeng from "a bit bad sustainability"(level 2) to "a bit good sustainability"(level 3); Xingan League and Tongliao City have been in the state of "a bit good sustainability"(level 3). |
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