Jinghuiqu Guanzhong Water Resources Society (1930-1949),

The water is the human society economic development and the daily life indispensable production subsistence. In the agriculture-based traditional society, the water is the agricultural life, with agricultural production close related. The Guanzhong area is situated at the northwest interior, the water resources lacks, depending on nature for a livelihood often poses the huge survival threat to people's life. Irrigation and water conservation construction is important especially obviously. The Guanzhong area's irrigation enterprise, as early as had the suitable scale more than 2000 years ago, Qin's Zhengguo ditch, Han Dynasty's Baigong ditch is famous hydraulic engineering in the ancient times. These water conservation irrigation facility in history played important role in Guanzhong area agricultural development, but because its age is remote, the use function loses gradually. Since the modern times, under the famous patriotic irrigationist Li Yizhi management, have completed one batch of modern times hydraulic engineering one after another, most representative are is honored as "the Guanzhong eight benefits" the irrigation canal network. No matter the survey,the design and the process of construct of Guanzhong area's water conservation irrigation engineering in the Republican Period takes the Western modernization technology as the instruction. It is modernized water conservation irrigation engineering which is worthy of the reputation. In the mode of administration, Li Yizhi profits from West's advanced managerial technique, established the strict rank system to use the water conservation control system. Has established the Jinghuiqu administrative bureau, its primary duty is responsible for the project maintenance, the consummation necessary, the irrigation match the water and the water fee collection and so on. and has the quite perfect rules and regulations control system. Take engineer, the water conservation technical personnel substituted gradually by the local gentry as the main superintendent's lower management pattern, the government apparatus in solving the cases of Water played the very vital role. In maintaining the order of Jinghuiqu both banks aspect, the Jinghuiqu administrative bureau energetically puts into practice eliminates the opium planter question of the Jinghuiqu irrigation area, the officials and people have launched the intense struggle, eliminated Jinghuiqu both banks'opium finally. This article take Jinghuiqu as a main body, launches the research to 30-40 age's Guanzhong Hydraulic societies, basically may reflect Republican later period the Guanzhong area rural society's general picture, is also the new angle of view that knows Guanzhong area rural societySpecifically speaking, this article mainly launches the elaboration from following of six aspects:the first part:Introduction. To this article selected topic significance, studies the region and the time beginning and end, present situation of the domestic and foreign research, research technique carries on the simple declaration.The second part:Guanzhong water conservation and water culture survey in Ancient times. From the Guanzhong natural environment, the ancient times construction of Guanzhong hydraulic engineering, Guanzhong water culture survey and water conservation in ancient times make the simple elaboration.The third part:Republican Period of Jinghuiqu. Famous irrigationist Li Yizhi in Guanzhong's great achievements will launch the key elaboration, introducing Jinghuiqu of the Republican Period.The fourth part:New old alternate water conservation management system. Was established after the Jinghui District administrative bureau. Taking management system's change when established the Jinghuiqu unfolds in the Guanzhong water conservation management the new old alternate characteristic.The fifth part:Under control system's rural society. Through the question of management, officials and people's struggle, reflects Guanzhong's Hydraulic society's historical general picture.The sixth part:Hydraulic society Jinghuiqu administrative bureau, Under control system's rural society. Through the ban question between modernization of agriculture.