Inbound Tourism Flow. Pan Xi'an Space Field Effect

As significant basis of tourism development, tourism management and tourism control, dynamic space-time and evolution of tourism flows is an important research part of Tourism Geography and has gained wide attention of domestic and international scholars. Inbound tourism flows is an essential part of inbound tourism and means a lot to the internationalization of national tourism development. Considering the inland position, traffic restrictions and entry and exit of inbound tourists, most inbound tourists received in Xi'an are distracted from other regions and will also spread to other regions although it has rich tourism resources with extremely high tastes in Xi'an area. So research on dynamic space-time and evolution of tourism flows in Xi'an area has important theoretic value and practical significance. Domestic studies on distribution rule of inbound tourism flows based on field effect theory can still rarely be seen. Under perspective of inbound tourism flows field effects and respectively from two aspects of centralizing and diffusion, space-time dynamic characteristics of inbound tourism flows concentration and diffusion in Xi'an area are analyzed and discussed in this article.Relying on the National Natural Science Foundation Project "Chinese inbound tourism flows typical East region-the West mechanism of progressive evolution in space" participated in the writer herself, on base of existing research results, under guidance of space interaction theory and space field effect theory, utilizing the relevant authoritative statistical data issued by the national tourism administration and the first-hand market survey data obtained by the national natural science fund project team, with combination of qualitative and quantitative as well as theorism and empirism, using methods of mathematical statistics, factor analysis and model analysis, this article establishes a relatively complete analysis model of tourist flows spatial field effects from the macro scale and analyzes inbound tourism flows centralizing and diffusing effects, space distribution rules of inbound tourism flows in Xi'an area as well as its interaction with the five regions which provides theoretical reference for inbound tourism flows development in Xi'an area.The main researches are as follows:explain and define such conceptions as tourism field and inbound tourism flows spatial field as well as state and summarize its characteristics and research methods, establish analysis model of inbound tourism spatial field force through factor analysis of questionnaires, analyze spatial field effects of inbound tourism flows in Xi'an area from four perspectives of field intensity, field potential, spatial field regional structure and field force, analyze characteristics of inbound tourism flows concentration field and diffusion field structures from dual angles of temporal evolution and spatial structure and root out rules of spatial concentration and diffusion of inbound tourism flows two-way flow under field effects. On that basis, this article also discusses inbound tourism flows spatial field effect interactions between Xi'an area and the other five regions and influences on each other.Main conclusions of this article are as follows:(1) After studying the field intensity and field potential of inbound tourism flows in Xi'an area, the writer finds that the surrounded Bohai Sea district, the Yangtze River Delta district and the Pearl River Delta district are significant precursor tourist markets and these three districts are significant subsequent destination markets as for the inbound tourism flows diffusion in Xi'an area. Sihcuan-Chongqing district and Yunnan-Guizhou district are neither significant precursor tourist markets nor subsequent destination markets for "second diffusion" of inbound tourism flows in Xi'an area. Tourism flows between the surrounded Bohai Sea district, the Yangtze River Delta district and the Pearl River Delta district and the Xi'an area are the most significant inbound tourism flows.(2) The field core of inbound tourism flows concentration field moves from the Pearl River Delta district to the Yangtze River Delta district and then to the surrounded Bohai Sea district while the field core of diffusion field from the surrounded Bohai Sea district to the Yangtze River Delta district. It is found that geographic distributed structure of inbound tourism flows concentration field and diffusion field from the Xi'an area to the rest five districts are in dynamic change, regional differences significantly tend to be space balanced and regional differences narrowed.The space competition tends to be more fierce meanwhile the unbalanced field regional structure will become balanced, reasonable and orderly.(3) The Xi'an area has great concentration field force and diffusion field force to the surrounded Bohai Sea district and the Yangtze River Delta district. The concentration field force and diffusion field force of the Xi'an area to Sichuan-Chongqing district obviously increases even in violent changes. The concentration field force and diffusion field force of the Xi'an area to the Yunnan-Guizhou district changes violently and are ups and downs. The concentration field force of the Xi'an area to the Pearl River Delta district shows evident declining tendency in violent changes while the diffusion field force evidently increases. Over time, gaps of inbound tourism flows diffusibility between the Xi'an area and the rest five districts are widened, which indicates that advantages of diffusion regional structure has changed and diffusion regional concentration stands out when the diffusibility of the Xi'an area is increasing. (4) The correlation coefficient of spatial field intensity between the Xi'an area and the rest five districts are all positive and numerical higher from 1998 to 2002, which indicates good interactions between the Xi'an area and the rest five districts and great influences on each other. From 2004 to 2008, the correlation coefficient of spatial field intensity between the Xi'an area and the Yangtze River Delta district remains positive and keeps increasing, remains positive but decreases numerically as for the Pearl River Delta district, becomes negative and decreases as for the surrounded Bohai Sea district and becomes negative but remains almost the same numerically as for the Sichuan-Chongqing district and the Yunnan-Guizhou district.Innovations of this article are as follows:Adopting comprehensive research methods combining questionnaires and authoritative statistical data, mathematical statistics and graphics analysis, concept analysis and mathematical model. Constructing a perfect analysis model system of inbound tourism flows spatial field. Analyzing the spatial field effects between different regions from two angles of time and space. Researching on inbound tourism flows field effects in the Xi'an area from another level, expanding current research contents of field effects, deepening the research significance of field effects, which lays a scientific theory foundation for the mutual cooperation between districts.