Study On The Distriction Division Of Ecological Benefits Compensation Of The Returning Farmland To Forests Project In Yunnan Province

The project of Returning Farmland to Forests Project is one of the ecologicalbenefits compensation constructions for restrain the ecological environment deteriourationin the western region of China. Returning Farmland to Forests Project in Yunnan Provincecoverd 129 counties with great differences in social, economic and environment conditions.However, the compensition standard is quite the same, and in fact this is unfair. Presently,the ecological benefit compensation is not effective enough as insentive for theparticipates---the county gorvenment and the farmers of Returning Farmland to ForestsProject. Hence, it is significant to concider the various infactors, in dividing thecompensation region, and to establish reasonal and discrimitary compensation standards.The author collected and analysised plenty articles and second-hand data, usedconprehansive analysis meathod to build a indexes system, and selected the factorseffecting the benefit compensation of Returning Farmland to Forests Ecological as indexes,and used cluster analysis and geography information system to analysise the data, and thendivided the 129 sample counties into 8 gegions and put forward the correspondingcompensiton suggestion. The major conclusions are as following:(1) This article concluded the theoretical and practice researches on ForestryEcological Benefit Compensation at home and abroad, and analysis the theoretical andpractice compensation standard research based on value compensation, and analysis thefactors of ecological, economic and social status, which is based on the ecological benefits,and then prospect the trend in this field, such as the measure of compensation standard,classified compensation and stage by stage compensation,ect.(2)Forestry Ecological Benefit Compensation is to make up the external over fllow ofthe forestry ecological benefit. The standard should consider all aspects and shouldincrease the compensation content stage by stage according to the the social and economicconditions. At present, compensating the cost of the siviculture and the fundamentalopportunity cost is reasonal. Combined with the cost of the siviculture and the fundamentalopportunity cost, the forestry ecological benefit can be one of the most important basis formeasureing the forestry ecological benefit compensation standard.(3) Returning Farmland to Forests Project belong to the broad sense EcologicalBenefit Compensation. Returning Farmland to Forests Ecological Benefit Compensationconclude the allowance which is hand out to the farmers and the working expense expendby the county gorvements during the rganize and supply course of Returning Farmland toForests Project. (4)In the Returning Farmland to Forests Ecological Benefit Compensation, whichinclude money and the grain supply from the governments, both of the compensationstandard and the term of the compensation are uniform, and the compensation for thecounty government is deficient. Returning Farmland to Forests Ecological BenefitCompensation in Yunnan Province does not concern many important factors, such as theecological position of the 129 counties, and the contribution of the ecological benefit to thelocal, and the local finicial affordablility and other social and economic factors, to makethe compensation that ajust the local situation. Hence, the compensiton did not efficientenough to motivate the farmers and the county governments, so that the two importanttargets, that is to protect the invironment and to elevate the farmers,living standard, are notachieve the goal as we meant..(5)This article puts forward the ecological priority principle, dominant-ecologicalfunction priotity principle and according to the needs compesation principle as theprinciples for building the indexes system, take the policy target of Returning Farmland toForests as the first degree indexes, take the soil and water erosion situation, thebiodiversity, GDP, finicial income, gross agricultural output value, ect, as the seconddegree indexes, to build the ecological benefits compensation division index system, dividethe 129 sample counties in Yunnan Province into eight regions, and furthermore, integraedthe eight rigions into four grade, that are severe compensation region, mediumcompensation region, low compensation region and non-compensation region.(6)This article puts forward the division compensation suggestion, that is from thefirst to the eighth region the compensation standard should be from high to low. Suggestthe fifth region should be elevated, the sixth region should be decreased and combine withthe eighth region as a whole, the eighth region should be less compensation or withoutcompensation. According to the above suggestions, this article divided the 129 samplecounties into 4 rigions, that are severe compensation region, medium compensation region,low compensation region and non-compensation region. The compensation contents shouldbe increased according to the national development stage. The compensation funds shouldbe transferred differently, the standard could be combined the development programmingoutline, the compensation should be programming to three stages that are short-term,mid-term and the long-term, the compensation standard should be reconcluded in five to ten years. The compensation standard should be decreased in turn.