| The Huang-Huai wheat area had became the largest production base of strong-middle gluten wheat in China.But with the introduction of the same or close relative parents, wheat varieties had have the single genetic basis in the Huang-Huai wheat area. In order to raise the level of wheat breeding, some scholars had a profound understanding of improving the genetic diversity of basic materials. In this paper, SRAP markers and phenotypic characteristics of agronomic traits were used to study the genetic diversity of the 85 wheat varieties in Huang-Huai wheat area, supplying the reference for improving the wheat varieties.The main results were as follows:1 Characteristics analysis of 85 wheat varieties in Huang-Huai wheat area based on agronomic traits(1) The comparison of 85 wheat varieties in Huang-Huai wheat area based on 8 agronomic traits: On the type of leaf, the number of varieties based on middlely wide leaf was 50, accounting for 59% of the varieties, the number based on wide leaf was 8, and the remaining were basically narrow-leaf varieties, part of which were nearly upright. In seedlings habits, there are 57 vertical-type varieties, accounting for 67 percent of all varieties, semi-upright-type, only 5 varieties, creeping-type and semi-prostrate-type were respectively 12,11. In the resistance of lodging, the number of lodging seriously varieties was 13, all were from 50 to 60, the stalk was weak, the number of varieties of lodging slightly was 4, the remaining were normal. In 85 wheat varieties, no arista or less arista accountted for only 13%, the rest were long arista, there was no crook arista or top arista. In the resistance of cold, there were only Nongda 183 and Jinan 17 previously, Henan 47 and Yumai 22 nowadays slightly freezed; 42 percent of the varieties were the spindle-type which was the largest, the smallest of 7 was stick type, cylindrical and conical respectively 29,13. In the rust disease, the number of high resistant varieties was 47, 29 middle-resistant varieties, both accounted for 90% of the varieties, and 5 high-sense, 3 middle-sense, 1 light-sense. In leaf blight, there were 2 varieties which were high sense,11 middle-sense varieties, 9 middle- resistant varieties, 8 high-resistant varieties, and the remaining were nearly immune. (2) 12 agronomic traits had a larger variation range. Among them, the largest coefficient of variation was the length of arista for 36.8. The smallest was grain filling stage for 6.4. In addition, we could find some potential variability 85 wheat varities in Huang-huai wheat area from the grains per spike, the length of flag leaf, the area of flag leaf.(3) Dendrogram of 85 wheat varities in Huang-Huai wheat area based on 12 agronomic traits. In order to study the variation characteristics in Huang-Huai wheat area, the Euclidean distance of 85 wheat varieties based on 12 agronomic traits was carried. The variation interval of Euclidean distance ranged from 1.85 to 11.32, with an average of 5.62. The result indicated that there was a wide range of variation in agronomic traits. In these materials, the smallest Euclidean distance of 1.85 was Gaocheng 8901 and Jimai 22, the largest of 11.32 was shanrong 3 hao and Jinan 2, Euclidean distance in 16.25 for 85 varieties could divide into 3 major categories, 8 sub.2 Characteristics and application of SRAP of 85 wheat varieties in the Huang-Huai wheat area.(1)SRAP system fitted for the 85 wheat was established :10×PCR buffer (with Mg2 +) 2.0ul, dNTP (2.5mol / L) 1.5ul, forward primer (50ng/ul) 0.5ul, reverse primer (50ng/ul) 0.5ul, Taq enzyme (2.5u/ul) 0.3ul, DNA template (60ng/ul) 0.5ul, sterile double-distilled water 14.7ul, the total volume of 20ul.(2)Using 22 primer combinations, we found that 85 wheat varieties had a total of 120 amplified polymorphic site. The number of polymorphic bands in each combination ranged from 0 to 12, with an average of 5.5. 5 to 35 multiple bands were generated when per forword primer combined with 10 reverse primers, and 2 to 30 were generated when per reverse primer combined with 6 forword primers. 1 to 4 multiple bands were generated when single forword primer combined with single reverse primer, and 1 to 4 in contrast. Difference was not detected between different mode of combinations.Among them,ME5 and EM3 have the largest differences between sites of 12. The range of polymorphism information index were 0 to 0.91. with an average of 0.79. The highest was ME5EM3, the minimum was ME2EM1.(3)In 18 polymorphism primer combinations, there was not a primer combination to identify the absence of any type. 60 varieties was identified by Me1Em1, having the highest identify ability of 0.71. The identify ability ranged from 0 to 0.71, with an average of 0.106. There were not individual primer combinations to fully distinguish all varieties..(4)Genetic diversity of 85 varieties in Huang-Huai wheat area based on SRAP: Genetic similarity coefficient of 85 varieties ranged from 0.0667 to 0.8322, with an average of 0.5399. Genetic simlatity of 85 varieties was 0.486. 85 varieties could be divided into 5 major categories, 8 sub-categories. The genetic similarity coefficient of the first period (before 1960) was the highest, 0.6711. The second period (1970 to 1980) was middle, 0.6438. The third period (1990-present) was the smallest, 0.4995. The range of genetic similarity coefficient in the second period (1970 to 1980) was smallest, 0.487 to 0.748. The first period was middle, 0.524 to 0.813. The third period was the highest, 0.067 to 0.814. Overall, the genetic diversity of the Huang-Huai wheat area main push wheat varieties increased, but the genetic basis is still to need further expansion. |
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