Tongchuan Coal Mining Area Of ​​ecological Restoration

Ecological rehabilitation has been one of the concerned environmental problems. Along with the needs of China's economic development grow, strength and scale of mining has been increasing, which creates great pressure and even damage for the ecological environment. So it is necessary to take research about ecological rehabilitation and reconstruction. Tongchuan, as mining early and long-term, has gradually been resource-exhausted city. The ecological environment is worsening recently, and implementing ecological rehabilitation is imperative. With the ways of field investigation, interview, quantitative and qualitative, the author investigates the environment situation of coal mines in Tongchuan and the main negative impact caused by mining, then under the guidance of the correlated theory and ecological rehabilitation principle, proposes ecological rehabilitation measures according to different types of mining environment and the different ecological rehabilitation modes among different mining areas, which provide reference for the future economic development in Tongchuan, and provide an ecological construction example for other similar region. The conclusions are obtained as follows:(1) Based on the brief analysis of the meaning of ecological rehabilitation of mining areas, theoretical foundations, objectives and principles, it points out that ecological restoration should choose the environment pollution and damage to the region as a starting point, so as to restore damaged ecosystems to a more natural, beautiful and harmonious state. Using the principles of ecological balance, according to local conditions, uniform for economic, social and ecological efficiency, sustainability, combining of prevention and treatment, the degradation of land function, eco-structure defects, ecological imbalance and environmental pollution can be improved, recovered and reconstructed.(2) Systematically expounded the damage induced by coal mining to the environment, the results is coal mining resulting in land occupying and destruction, water impropriating and pollution, geological hazard such as land subsidence, landslide, debris flow and soil erosion, which constitute the main parts of ecological rehabilitation.(3) From the characteristic of mine ecological environment, the main types of ecological environment in mining area are:waste rock stacking land, mine well of the abandoned coal mine, coal mine subsidence and mining area in process, which form key parts and areas of ecological restoration.(4) Based on field investigation, the repair techniques and measures towards ecological restoration types are proposed, which makes ecological restoration being operational. According to the different characteristics, different types of ecological rehabilitation are suitable for different restoration techniques and measures. The rehabilitation emphasis of top soil stripping is to prevent soil and water erosion and soil reclamation; rehabilitation measures for waste gangue are fire extinguishing, leveling and reclamation; In addition, gangue can be used as the raw materials of cement, ceramics and others, realizing "green" ecological rehabilitation. Ecological rehabilitation on mine well of the abandoned coal mine is mainly demolition of building, closed work surface, and then repair. The suitable Industrial site should be made full use of to construct residential district and park. geological hazard should adopt the methods of fixed-point, monitoring and preventing collision, combining biological measures and engineering ones to repair. Mining area in process should decrease ecological damage caused by production from the source, combining scientific planning, standard management and aborative monitoring.(5) Rehabilitation modes of ming areas in Tongchuan are:new rehabilitation, binding tourism mode and urban construction bundled.,which provide operable model for economic construction combining with ecological restoration. New rehabilitation mode is suitable for the inappositely resident mining area with extremely bad environment. Urban construction bundled mode is fit for the mining area not far from urban, which has been abandoned or is being abandoned.