Detection Technology. Biological Samples In Common Opiate Drugs Studied

Drug abuse is the focus of the society in all over the world .In recent years, drug abuse have come back to our country , and the phenomena of drug abuse and drug selling exist together. The amount of abusing opiates is biggest in all kinds of illicit drugs. As a result of it, the determination of opiates in biological samples is of great importance and necessity.In this paper, a review on the determination of usual kinds of opiates in biological samples was given. A method for rapid identification of morphine in urine applying colloid golden immunoassay and TOXI-LAB system has been developed. A combination of automated solid phase extraction (SPE) and GC/NPD,GC/MS has been developed for the determination of morphine in urine. In addition, A method for determination of opiates in hair using liquid-liquid extraction(LLE) and GC/MS has been developedFirstly, a review was given on the determination of usual kinds of opiates in biological samples , including the brief introduction of opiates and their structures, the metabolize of opiates in human body, techniques of extraction and cleaning and methods of detection. There were three main techniques of extraction and cleaning , such as liquid-liquid extraction(LLE), solid phase extraction(SPE) and supercritical fluid extraction(SFE). There were five main methods of detection, such as Immunoassay, GC/MS, HPLC, LC/MS and CE.Secondly, a combination of automated solid phase extraction (SPE) and GC/NPD, GC/MS has been developed for the determination of morphine in urine. SPE with mixed mode(reverse phase absorb and cation-exchange) cartridges Oasis?MCX was fully automated with a Zymark Rapid Trace?SPE robot. GC/NPD and GC/MS analysis was performed after derivatization with MSTFA. High recovery(>88%) and good reproducibility (RSD% between day and day: 3.0-5.5 ) were found.The equation of linearity was y=2594.15x+3.11(r=0.9993),with limit of quantity (LOQ) 0.1ug/mL and limit of detection (LOD) 0.05ug/mL.In addition, improved totalmorphine stability was found in samples with lower initial pH .Thirdly, the feasibility of TOXI-LAB system for identification of morphine in urine of the suspect drug addict has been evaluated. The urine of 118 cases was analyzed by colloid golden immunoassay, TOXI-LAB, GC/NPD and GC/MS respectively. By colloid golden immunoassay, there were only 7 negatives .By general TOXI-LAB, 73 cases were positive, and 45 cases were negative. The 45 negative cases were analyzed by acid hydrolyzed TOXI-LAB again, and 17 positive cases were found. By GC/NPD and GC/MS, there were 16 negatives. The specificity of the TOXI-LAB for identification of morphine in urine of the suspect drug addict was 100%, and applying TOXI-LAB system for identification of morphine was feasible.Finally, a method for determination of opiates in hair using liquid-liquid extraction(LLE) and GC/MS has been developed. The recovery of morphine ,codeine and 6-monoacetylmorphine were 82%,80% and 87% respectively.The limit of detection(SIM,LOD) for morphine ,codeine and 6-monoacetylmorphine were 0.052ng, 0.04ng and 0.037ng respectively.The equation of linearity of morphine ,codeine and 6-monoacetylmorphine were Y=0.02913x+0.01406(r=0.9997),Y=0.03255x-0.004468 (r=0.9992) and Y=0.03021x+0.01632 (r=0.9993) .