| In this study, eight wild edible Boletaceae mushroom species were analyzed and compared for their basic chemical compositions and antioxidant properties of their phenols, including Boletus craspedius, Boletus sinicus, Boletus bicolor, Boletus speciosus, Boletus ornatipes, Xerocomus, Suillus placidus and Tylopilus felleus, which were collected from Yunnan province, China. The nutrient contents were analyzed for crude protein, total soluble amino acid, amino acid profiles, crude fat, fat acid compositions, total carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, total dietary fibre, monosaccharide compositions, crude ash and metal profiles. The total phenolic of the mushroom species were extracted and determined. The lipid peroxidation inhibition abilities, hydroxyl radical (OH)-scavenging activities and 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH)-scavenging properties of the phenols were evaluated and compared among the eight mushrooms.The crude protein contents of studied mushroom species ranged from 16.25-25.93% DW. B. sinicus contained the highest protein, followed by B. bicolor (25.93%DW), T. felleus 22.44% DW, Xerocomus 22.40% DW, B. ornatipes 22.00% DW, B. speciosus 21.83% DW and B. craspedius 18.80% DW, while S. placidus accounted for the lowest protein. Xerocomus had the highest content of total amino acid of 9.93% DW, while B. craspedius had the least content of 4.23% DW. Other mushroom species exhibited amino acid contents in descending order of B. speciousus 6.53% DW, B. sinicus 6.45% DW, T. felleus 6.27% DW, B. ornatipes 5.70% DW, B. bicolor 5.53% DW and S. placidus 4.47% DW. The total essential amino acid contents in B. craspedius, B. sinicus, B. bicolor, B. speciosus, B. ornatipes, and Xerocomus and S. placidus were 154.24,615.59,536.34,623.95,620.22,792.04, and 532.94 mg/100g DW, respectively. The analyzed mushroom species in this study were relatively rich in valine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and arginine but were poor in methionine and cysteine.Total carbohydrate contents showed variation and the highest carbohydrate contents were observed in S. placidus being 75.65% DW and the lowest in Xerocomus 65.01% DW. Contents of total soluble sugars in B. craspedius were the highest of 25.18, followed by B. bicolor 19.86, T. felleus 19.83, S. placidus 17.64, B. ornatipes 11.83, Xerocomus 11.61,B. speciosus 10.40, B. sinicus 10.34(%DW). Glucose was the predominant monosaccharide found in all the mushroom species ranged from 213.95-370.91 mg/g DW.Crude fat content of Xerocomus was found to be 5.37 %DW, while the values of 1.29,1.15, 2.59,1.39,2.02,2.49, and 3.75% DW were calculated for B. craspedius, B. sinicus, B. bicolor, B. speciosus, B. omatipes, S. placidus, and T. felleus, respectively. The percentage of fatty acid composition ranging for saturated fatty acids (SFA) ranged from 17.58%-27.12%, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 9.28% -35.59% and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 5.06% -69.70% of the investigated mushrooms. Obviously, linoleic acid 5.06%-69.70%, oleic acid 9.28% -34.24% and hexadecanoic acid 11.95% -20.62% were the main fatty acid constituents.Crude ash contents of investigated mushroom varied from 4.90-7.22% DW. The contents of Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As in mushroom species were found to be in the range of 67.31-264.78,558.56-883.24,55.95-293.06,8.17-39.35,1.14-11.16,11.23-16.97,0.37-5.24,0.47-3.68,0.11-0.11 and 0.55-1.78 (mg/kg DW), respectively.In the present study, total phenolics of eight Boletaceae mushroom species varied from 1.20 to 10.78 mg GAE/g DW. S. placidus had the highest phenolic contents of 10.78 mg GAE/g DW, while B. sinicus showed the lowest phenolic content of 1.20 mg GAE/g DW. The phenols of eight Boletaceae mushroom species exhibited significant antioxidant activities. IC50 values for lipid peroxidation inhibition ability ranged from 64.28 ug/ml (S. placidus) to 603.85 μg/ml (B. speciosus) of phenols. IC50 value for OH-scavenging activity of B. bicolor was lowest being 69.68 μg/ml. IC50 values for DPPH-scavenging activity ranged in descending order of Xerocomus 95.07, B. craspedius 88.18, T. felleus 87.92, B. ornatipes 75.91,B. speciosus 74.55, B. sinicus 68.01, S. placidus 51.04 and B. bicolor 44.23 (μg/ml of phenols). |
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