The Synthesis And Application Of Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants

Sulfonate Gemini surfactants include two oil-bases, two water-bases and a spacer. Special structure makes them excellent performance and very broad application prospects. Sulfonate Gemini surfactants can be used in emulsion polymerization, oil recovery, textile and many other areas.In this paper, four kinds of sulfonate Gemini surfactants were synthesized with nonyl phenol, dibromo alkanes, chloro sulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide and triethanolamine. Reaction conditions of the diether intermediates-were optimized by orthogonal experiments with usual conditions and ultrasonic conditions respectively. The effect of ultrasonic power on the yield was investigated. The reaction conditions of sulfonation step were optimized by orthogonal experiments. Structures of the products were characterized by FTIR, MS and ’HNMR. Without addition of ultrasound, the preferred reaction conditions are: n(nonylphenol):n(dibromoalkane) is 2.02:1,the concentration of alkali is 25%, and the react time is 6h at 100 ℃. When ultrasound was added, the preferred reaction conditions are: n(nonylphenol):n(dibromoalkane) is 2.02:1, the concentration of alkali is 20%, the react time is 1.5h at 65 ℃ with the ultrasonic power of 250 W. The preferred reaction conditions of the sulfonation reaction are:n(chlorosulfonic acid):n(diether intermediate) is 2.02:1, the react time is 6h in an ice bath.In this paper, two kinds of sulfonate Gemini surfactants were synthesized with diphenyl ether, bromine alkane, chloro sulfonic acid and sodium hydroxide as the main raw materials. The reaction conditions of 4,4’-dialkyl diphenyl ether and sulfonation step were optimized by orthogonal experiment. Structures of the products were characterized by FTIR and MS. The optimal amount of AlCl3 as catalyst of alkylation reaction is 0.6 times of diphenyl ether. The preferred conditions of alkylation reaction are: n(bromine alkane):n(ether) is 3:1, the react time is 5 h at 70 ℃. The preferred reaction conditions of the sulfonation step are: n(chloro sulfonic acid):n (intermediate) is 2.5:1, the react time is 4 h at 40 ℃.The surface activities, emulsifying properties, foam properties, wetting properties, thermal stability and the HLB values of products were studied. The cmc values decrease significantly. The products have very high surface activity. The products have better emulsifying properties, wetting properties, foaming properties, salt tolerance and good thermal stability.The silicone oil emulsion was obtained by ultrasonic with Gemini surfactant and octyl phenol polyoxyethylene-(4)-ether (OP-4) as complex emulgator. The complex emulgator of Gemini surfactant/nonionic surfactant shows better emulsification effect. The emulsification temperature is around 70 ℃. The emulsification time is 30 min. The amount of emulsifier is 5%. The amount of water is 60%. Silicone oil emulsion prepared with ultrasonic have better performance. The average particle of Silicone oil emulsion is 1.52 μm with a narrow particle size distribution. When Ultrasonic power is bigger, the performance of emulsion is better.The emulsion-type silicone release agent were prepared with methyl silicone oil emulsion as the main body. The formulations are:methyl silicone oil (25%), emulsifier (10%), metal ion sequestering agent (0.05%), mildew fungicide (0.05%), anti-rust agent (pH adjustment) (2%), water (balance). The emulsion-type silicone release agent has good dilution stability. The ten fold dilution shows better release effect.