Northeast Locust Some Species (net-winged Locust Branch Hammer Angle Locust Branch, Sword Angle Locust Branch) Chromosome Study

Cytotaxonomy is a branch of taxonomy,which using cell architecture especial the chromosome characters to distinguish living organism.It not only has offered plentiful knowledge of cytology to taxonomy,but also impelled the classical classification to a progress in technique method.The characters of chromosome are relative constant.Comparing the chromosome numbers and types of different species can reveal their relationship and their evolution direction.The karyotypes and C-heterchromation distribution of twelve species belonging to three families and four genera of Acridoidea have been studied in this paper.This work which aimed to compare the differences of chromosomal characters among different species not only can reveal the genetic relationship and evolutional process of living organism,but also can provide the basically references of Cytotaxonomy about insect.All the specimens were collected in Qianshan,Changbaishan,Jingbohu,Beian,Nenjiang,Tahe,Mohe and other places from the northeast three provinces in Junly to September 2007.Testis squash was used for preparation of chromosomes and method of BSG(Barium hydroxide/ Saline /Giemsa) was adopted for C-banding staining.We compared different levels of the karyotypes and C-banding from the twelve grasshoppers and hereditary ones which have been studied in our country.The conclusions as follows:1.The number of chromosomes in most grasshoppers of Arcypteridae is 2n(?)=17.some have a chromosome number of 2n(?)=21.Most grasshoppers have 3 pairs of large chromosome,3 pairs of medium ones and 2 pairs of small ones.The number of Gomphoceridae chromosome maintains at 2n (?)=17.The chromosome number of Acrididae is 2n(?)=23.Sex determining mechanism of the three families belongs to XO type.All the chromosomes have telomere C-band.2.Eu.fusigeniculatus Jin et Zhang and Eu.Herbaceous Zhang et Jin have the same chromosome number(2n(?)=21) as well as the same chromosome pattern(4L+5M+1S+X).They have chromosome with tetocentric and all the chromosomes have telomere C-band.These are all characters of the same genus.However,there are some differences between them such as the length of chromosomes,the morpha characters of X chromosome,which are the unique of the two respective species.3.The eleven species of Chorthippus Fieb.have the same chromosolne number(2n(?)=17) and the same chromosome pattern(3L+3M+2S+X),which show the same genus characters.At the same time,the types of C-banding and the contents of heterochromatin between them are different.4.Euchorthippus Tarb.and Chorthippus Fieb.are different in chromosomal numbers,chromosomal types,patterns.C-band and so on.which can make a clear distinction between them. 5.The chromosome number of Gomphocerippus rufus(L.) is 2n(?)=21.The chromosome pattern is 4L+4M+2S+X.This specie have three metacentic chromosomes,the others are tetocentric.The chromosome number of Acrida cinerea Thunberg is 2n(?)=23 and the pattern is 3L+6M+2S+X.All the chromosomes are tetocentric.6.The seven genera of Acrididae are different in chromosome number,pattern,type,C-band.Form the clustering based on chromosome relative length,Mongolotettix Rehn and Chrysacris Zheng appear close relationship.Gonista I.Bol.and Acrida L.group together and show close relationship.7.Three different population of Ch.Liaoningensis Zheng have the same chromosome number and the same types of C-banding,the patterns of chromosome among theln are similar.However,the places of chromosome X and total heterochromatic contents among them are different.8.In summary,the characters of chromosome can be used to classify living organism.Chromosome number and type can be used as a tool of classification in family or genus level.C-band and the content of heterochromatin prove a useful marker to analyze the relationships within genus.The symbolic C-band and the place of the sex chromosome X can be used within or below species.