| The Establishing of the molecular model of DNA double helix structure marked the birth of modern molecular biology, which was a landmark of life sciences development in the 20th century. Central dogma deduced from DNA double helix structure and progressively developed gene theory showed the compatibility among life species group different in a thousand and one ways in molecular structure and genetic mechanism, and also laid a foundation for genetic engineering mainly by way of DNA recombination. Molecular biology has had a great and profound effect on life sciences, agronomy and medicine development.Exploring life secrets in molecular level became aspect of life sciences in the second half of the 20th century. Throwing light upon the genetic mechanism of nucleic acids and protein biosynthesis and developing a set of high quality biotechnologies and bioinstrumentations capacitated humankind to decipher the whole genetic codes in the human cell. Human genome project started in 1990 ascertained coding sequence of 3,000 million base pairs in human gene group in 2003, which was the first great life science engineering in human history. Human Genome Project, Manhattan Project and The Apollo Program were called "three great projects in the 20th century".Now molecular biology has entered a post-genome era, the mark of which was the birth of systems biology. Adopting ideas of system science and through the instrumentality of new computing techniques from discipline overlapping, systems biology makes a quantitative study of systems behavior, interdependent activity and dynamics feature of all life constituents (gene, mRNA and protein etc.) and then throws light on the fundamental laws of life controlling and programming.Why has molecular biology obtained so illustrious achievements during more than half centuries ? The writer is of the opinion that it was continuous science innovation in biology areas that caused the results. In the process of it, biochemistry has been the most important research means and science language; innovations of biotechnics and biological experimental instruments have been basic condition; strategy requirements of integrated national power, global cooperation and sharing information, and fast conversion from science and technology into realistic production has been primary moving force of molecular biology development and innovation.This paper intends to survey molecular biology development history from the angle of science innovation view and to dig into distinguishing features of its important discovery, and tries to put forward a thread for probing the regular pattern of science discovery through deferent ways, and to provide reference for our national science and technology innovation and building innovative country. |
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