| The application of cladistics in entomoligy is far more early in foreign country than in our country. Forty years ago, phylogeny and geographical studies had been carried out cladistically in other countries. However, Zhu Hongfu first applied the cladistic means in the scientific research of insects in China in 1984. So far, there have been no much reports on cladistics of Orthoptera Acridoidea both domestically and externally. Cigliano (1989) and Ronderos (1991) respectively analysed the family Tristiridae and the tribe Dicbroplini distributed in Central and South America. In China, Lian Zhengming & Gong Jin (1992) reported the phylogeny of Chinese Orthoptera. Xu Shengquan (1997) worked on the phylogeny of some species among Oxya Serville basing on chromosomal characters. Zhen Zheming & Qiao Ge-xia (1998) cladistically analysed relationships between all Chinese families in Orthoptera. Obviously, it is necessary to start detailed phylogenetic study of each taxa among superfamily Orthoptera Acridoidea. This thesis analysed the relationships among genera of Chinese Oedipodidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) by the cladistic method.The principle of cladistics bases on synapomorphies to determine sister groups originated from common ancestor. Monophyly is composed of sister groups and their common ancestor. The natural classification is only made up of monophyletic groups.Cladistic methods and steps follows: (1) Ingroups have been selected and assumed a monophyletic group; (2) To find out more synapomorphies, it is necessary to select characters as many as possible; (3) To determine character polarity, because unordered character transformation series could not be analysed cladistically; (4) Characters are coded into data matrix with numerals or letters; (5) Data matrix is analyzed by computer softwar to build cladograms and deduce phylogeny; (6) To build natural classification according to the phylogenetic relationships deduced.Much work has been done from July, 1997 to March, 2000, such as collecting insects outside, softening and identifying specimens, examining large numbers of specimens of Oedipodidae in the Shan Xi Normal University and Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Meanwhile, author has also reviewed a lot of the related references and data.Most characters analysed have been otained directly from examination of many specimens.The small part of characters have been digested from the related monographs, such asOrthoptera Acridoidea (Fauna Sinica, Insecta Vol. 10) by Zheng Zheming and Xia Kailing (1998),Classification of Locust by Zbeng Zheming (1993) , The Manual of the Chinese Grasshoppers byLiu Jupeng (1990) , and The Phallic Complex in Acridoidea (Orthoptera) in Relationship toTaxonomy by Dirsh V M. In 1956. All examined genera and species include only those erectedbefore 1995.There are 38 genuses and 125 species in the Oedipodidae of China, but because of reasons some genera have no specimens available and can not be analysed. So in the research author has illexamined and recorded all 32 genuses, 49 species, and 1826 specimens of ingroup and outgroup. The Oedipodidae of China are analysed cladistically with adult morphological characters for twenty-nine genera. The Nelson consensus cladogram based on 32 equally parsimonious cladograms (resulted from unweighting) shows certain consistency susupporting. Index of consistency is 25 and retention index 39.Three branches are clear on the Nelson consensus cladograni: 1) Oedipoda dade (5 genera) ; 2) Gastrimargus dade (6 genera) ; 3) Bryoderna dade (16 genera). From the consensus cladograin, we can also see that other two genera, Erernoscopus B-Bienko and He/ioscirtus Saussure, do not belong to any above clades because of lacking synaponiorphic characters. The analyse exhibited consistency that the Oedipodidae should be divided into three subfamilies such as O... |
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