Study On The Improvement Of Cotton Production And Its Promotion In Anhui During The Period Of The Repbulic Of China

Anhui traversed by the Chang Jiang and Huai River, Fertile land, climate and humid, so it suitable for cotton growing along the Yangtze River, and Anhui also an important cotton producing province. As early as the Yuan Dynasty, Anhui has exact cotton planting record. While Ming and Qing Dynasties, cotton planting has been almost all counties across the province and become an indispensable clothing masses of working people.In the later Qing dynasty, a large number of muslin and machine-made piece goods swarm into China, Anhui traditional agriculture farming and weaving had separated, and gradually become a dumping ground for foreign capitalism and material goods to plunder. With the advanced Western technology, the introduction of textile machinery, machine spinning cotton increasingly demanding high quality, local soil cotton (Gossypium arboreum) due to fiber stumpy.At the same time, a large number of overseas high-quality raw cotton into China, causing China's huge trade deficit, a serious threat to Anhui, and even to all over the country's fiscal balance. In this context, some of the major cotton-producing provinces have started the reform movement of cotton production, cotton production in Anhui Province is also imperative to improve.Anhui improved cotton production career began in the early Republican era, was developed in the 20th century on behalf of two to three decades, to before the war is fairly effective in improving cotton production, the latter due to Sino-Japanese War interrupted after the war of resistance continued to develop. Early Republican era, Anhui, and so began to introduce Upland Cotton, cotton production improved the cause of a gradual manner. In 1918, the Anhui Province to build the first batch of cotton production and specializes in improving the agricultural experiment station, marking the cotton produced in Anhui improved access to the real implementation phase. Anhui's cotton production is mainly the cause of improving the organization and the government carried out under the guidance of the government agencies in improving cotton production in a series of institutional design. On the one hand, set up a special cotton agencies in cotton breeding, cultivation and other experiments, and sterile seeds and experimental to farm. On the other hand, the government establish agricultural extension are engaged in promotion of new agricultural varieties, and the establishment of county agricultural extension teams dispatched to guide our work.In 1933, the cotton industry hierarchy Committee was established, marking the work of improvement and promotion of China's cotton production has entered a "government hierarchy cotton industry" stage. Cotton production in the central office to improve the guidance with the cause of Anhui Province, cotton production improved steadily, to further improve the cotton production improved institutions and organizations, expanding the scope of the cause of improved cotton production. In addition, improved production of cotton in Anhui Province, also the active participation of a number of institutions of higher learning, in order to improve the cause of Anhui's cotton production has added new vitality.In 1937, the War of Resistance Against Japan broke out, Anhui improved cotton production is almost the cause of disruption, improved cotton seed wiped out. After the war a little flat, Anhui Construction Department to maintain the rear is safe to continue to expand cotton production improvement activities, and continue the cotton seeds comparative tests. After the war, Ministry of Forests and Agriculture established the Improvement of Cotton Production Burea in 1947. It's in charge of Cotton Production improvement and cotton production all over the country.In the same year, Agriculture and Forestry Ministry of the Improvement of Cotton Production Bureau in Anhui established Huai-Dong, Hefei, Fuyang three cotton guidance area, to guide the work of cotton production improvement. During this period, In Anhui cotton production, the first large-scale introduction of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other modern agricultural factors of production.The Republic of China period, Anhui improvement and promotion of cotton production can be divided into the improvement and promotion of cotton seeds, improving cotton field management, improved marketing and other aspects. Improvement in cotton production process, in 1935, Anhui cotton production made a five-year development plan, and develop a detailed implementation plans.The above-mentioned work Established by Programmes, principles, procedures and implementation of the method, there is no lack of scientific and rational elements, but due to lack of funds, personnel shortages, disasters, the technical level of cotton production to promote and improvement did not go deep into the vast rural areas and many other subjective and objective factors to limited, Although Anhui cotton production improved some achievements, it compared to province-wide, the cotton production and promotion of improved effectiveness and scope is still limited. Anhui improved cotton production did not achieve its set objectives of the project, and it did not make cotton's production and quality greatly increased.