The Study On The Mechanism Of Peasant Workers' Turning Into Urban Residents In China

Postgraduate:Zheng Zhenyu Turtor: researcher and professor Yang Guoliang Grade:2007 Speciality: political economics Major: theory of socialist market economy Abstract:The peasant workers is a special group and its emergence being due to historical factors of our country, because of the characteristic of peasant workers being not only farmers but also workers, it shows strong mobility and marginality, and because of the feature of its large scale and internal differentiation, it is"complexity"and"easy to get out of control". In the process of mordernization, urbanization is a trend of history with the development of industrialization, The rural labor force, especially peasant workers'migrating to cities or towns is an irreversible trend. Constructing the mechanism of peasant workers transforming to urban residents, and promote them to stay in cities or towns smoothly are not only the needs of promoting social harmony and stability but also the objective requirements of advancing industrialization, urbanization and changing the way of economic growth, meanwhile, The are the inner needs of achieving the integration of the development of economy and society in city and in countryside. Because the phenomenon of peasant workers is unique of our country and there is no precedent to be taken off in abroad, so in the process of building this mechanism, we can just explore furtherly through absorbing the anterior research fruit of older people and basing on the development of the peasant workers and basic conditions of our country. Learning from other countries, we can get numerous lessons and inspirations.After analyzing the main situation and the factors which influence the peasant workers turning intourban residents, with methods of comparative analysis, structural analysis as well as combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis,we find that although the relevant regulations have been revised and improved gradually, and, the government has intensified reform force to social security system, household registration system and the transfer system of farming land,all these measures provide advantageous conditions for the peasant workers'turning intourban residents.Howerver as a result of several decades'solidification, household registration is becoming symbolization of urban and rural residents, it causes not only the dual structure in urban and rural economy, but also bring the dual structure to culture, society and polity. This dual structure makes the peasant workers influenced and constraated by various factors,such as systems, social capital, social culture, self-quality and financial stress and so on.We analyze the situation of the peasant workers'internal differention by applying the method of causal analysis, system analysis, logical analysis, etc. Furthermore, according to the logical sequence of the peasant workers'turning intourban residents, we put forward a division of two-layer type which includes initial division type and second division type, the former includes those who have both household register and lands, and those who have household register but have no lands, the latter incorporates those who have both willingness and ability to stay in the city, have willingness but have no ability, have no willingness but have ability, have no willingness and ability to stay in the city. Basing on this, we build up the basic path model diagram of the rural labor turning intourban residents. In accordance with the basic path of the rural labor force's space diversion, career transition and social status transformation as well as the interrelation among them, we set up the mechanism of peasant workers transforming to urban residents which consists of three aspects, these are dynamical mechanism, transmission mechanism and supporting mechanism. Dynamical mechanism mainly consists of the pull mechanism of industrialization, the pull mechanism of urbanization, thrust mechanism of agricultural modernization and inner dynamical mechanism of the promotion of peasant workers'demond level. The aspect of urbanization should be guided by the principle of functional regionalization. In the aspect of agricultural modernization, we are supposed to consider the types of transfer of farming land dufferently. Finally, we analyze the inner dynamical mechanism; The transmission mechanism constructs the object-oriented mechanism, the mechanism of balance between supply and demond and the mechanism of the guidance; The supporting mechanism mainly includes: the supporting mechanism of the peasant workers withdrawn from the rural, the supporting mechanism of the peasant workers entering towns and cities and the supporting mechanism of the peasant workers fitting to towns and cities. Among the three aspects of the supporting mechanism mentioned above, the first aspect refers to improve vocational education, establish the system of rural endowment insurance and promote the internal balance of the educational resources between urban and rural areas, the second aspect mainly means to solve the housing problems of peasant workers and maintain the stability of the housing price and increase affordable housing and low-cost housing ,etc, the third aspect chiefly means to abolish the restrictions related to the household register restrictions and improve the social security especially the system of the social insurance.