| The party's 16th third plenary session proposed the idea "adhere to people-oriented, establish a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept, and promote all-round development of socio-economic and human ", and clearly pointed out the need in accordance with the requirements of urban and rural development to advance the reform and development. To solve the above-mentioned problem, and promote the urban and rural balanced and coordinated development, we must vigorously carry out farmer-training. Practice has proved that, among the many agriculture projects, the training of farmers has the most long-term significance and overall importance. First, the farmer- training is the fundamental way to improve the quality of the peasants and transform the rural population pressure into human resources. Second, farmer-training is the important premise for enhancing the employability of the farmers and speeding up the transfer of the surplus rural labor to non-agricultural industries and urban areas. Third, farmer-training is the fundamental strength to train new farmers to adapt to modern agricultural development and continuously promote the construction of a new socialist countryside. Fourth, farmer-training is an important measure to implement the strategies"strong agricultural by science and technology"and"rich peasants by talent", and increase the income of the farmers. Fifth, farmer-training is a bridge and bond to promote the industrialization of agriculture and quickly transform agricultural scientific and technological achievements into practical productive forces. Sixth, farmer-training is a power to increase human capital accumulation in rural areas, prosper rural economy ,speed up the process of urbanization, balance urban and rural development, narrow the income gap and ensure the coordinated development of social and economic. Therefore, to build a moderately prosperous society, the farmer-training has the particular strategic importance for rural socio-economic development and can be said as a breakthrough to solve the issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area. At present,there are about 240 million rural families and more than 700 million peasants in our country. From the educational situation of China's peasants, the average years of schooling are less than 7 years. Among the 490 million rural labor,only 13 percents of them have received high school or higher education, 49 percents have received the junior middle school education, 38 percents only have received primary education or blow that level, and 7 percents even are illiterate. The 2006 "central first document"–"some opinions of CPC Central Committee and State Council on accelerating constructing new socialist countryside",pointed out that to improve the overall quality of the farmers, and cultivate new type of farmers with a basic education and some knowledge of farming and business is an urgent need of building a new socialist countryside. So, how to effectively carry out training to adapt to agricultural and the new stage of the rural economic development, promote the building of new socialist countryside, and bring up the new type of farmers, are becoming a practical problem needed to solve in current and future time.In recent years, the nation attaches great importance to farmer-training, and has issued a series of plans on it in correspondence, trying to seek effective measures to carry out it through various channels. The implementations of these measures have achieved some encouraging results. For example, leading enterprises, agriculture trade associations and organizations of economy of farmer major collaboration are increasingly becoming an important power to carry out farmer-training. Farmer-training institutions are developing in the direction of diversification and privatization. Different types of training institutions show the phenomenon of division and collaboration. The points on training are becoming increasingly prominent. The effect gradually began to take shape. The training modes get increasingly diversity. Training systems and capacity-building began to be taken seriously. At the same time, the academic also conducted extensive research on the theories related to farmer-training, foreign status and modes of farmer-training, farmer-training modes in China, farmer-training status in different region, and problems and countermeasures of other issues. These findings have played an important role in promoting the farmer-training. But there are still some problems in farmer-training, which concentrates in the following six areas: (1) the construction of farmer-training system is still at an early stage;(2)substantial progress has not been made in the construction of the institutionalization and legalization of farmer-training;(3) government leading is still a prominent feature of farmer-training;(4) the phenomenon of co-existence of "lack of effective supply" and "demand is not strong" exists in prominent;(5) measures of training-related services are still not in place.I, who have worked in Northwest and Northeast for many years, find out that there are differences in supply and demand, modes and performance of farmer-training between the two regions. Taking account of the availability of survey data, Jilin Province and Qinghai Province are respectively chosen to represent the economic development of central and western regions in the essay. According to human capital theory and economics of education theory and using the filed survey data and network retrieval of information, after analyzing the current situation and problems in the supply and demand of farmer-training in the two provinces and concluding some typical modes, I make some targeted recommendations for improving the performance of farmer-training in central and western regions.The paper has been divided into five parts as follows:Chapter 1 Introduction. This part starts from the analysis of the importance of farmer-training at this stage, and describes the necessity of studying the farmer-training. Based on reviewing the relevant research literature, this part also clarifies the purpose, contents and methods of this research paper.Chapter 2 Relevant concepts and theoretical foundation of farmer-training. Three groups of concepts differentiated are education & training, farmers& peasant laborer & new farmers, farmer-training & peasant laborer'training. Meanwhile, this part gives a brief description on basic theory - human capital theory and economics of education theory about farmer-training.Chapter 3 The comparative study between supply and demand about farmer-training. On the one hand, from the angles of system safeguard and practical case, it analyses the supply conditions of farmer-training in Qinghai Province and Jilin Province; on the other hand, making use of the first-hand's survey data of these two provinces, this part describes farmers'requirements pointed to farmer-training about purpose, form, content, time and so on, and so the main needs about farmer-training from the microscopic point of view.Chapter 4 A Comparative Study of farmer-training modes. According to the training experience and the research, this part uses typical cases in Qinghai Province and Jilin Province to describe the methods, results and experience about the farmer-training of technology, transfer of rural labor training, and the training of practical person with ability. Then, it concludes the typical pattern of farmer-training in these two provinces, then it describes the different modes.Chapter 5 Conclusions and recommendations. This part has a summary on supply and demand and the pattern about the farmer-training in Qinghai Province and Jilin Province. In addition, this paper made a number of targeted countermeasures and proposals which aim at increasing the effectiveness of farmer-training in the central and western regions. |
