| The definition of entry-exit inspection and quarantine is inspection of quality, quantity, weight, packing, safety, hygiene and shipping condition, and quarantine of infectious diseases, plant diseases and insect pests, epidemic diseases of human, animals and plants of bargained commodities in the international trade by the commodity inspection and quarantine institutions.The inspection and quarantine institution of our country plays an important role in the economic development. As to its function, it has law enforcement function, economic adjustment function, market management function and society serving function. As to its importance in the economic development, first, it can break trade and technical barrier in the international trade and build national technique protection wall; second, it can promote the quality of Chinese products and its competitive ability in the international market; third, it protects lawful rights of our country's foreign trade; fourth, it provides basis to the quality safety of foreign trade; fifth, it promotes quality and international competitive power export commodities.At present, there are many problems in the functions of our country's inspection and quarantine institutions. For the conception of institutional functions, they place more emphasis on inspection than supervision, care more about export than import, hold urgent need in esteem and make light of prevention, serve more than guard, etc; for the function scope, there are problems such as function absence and undertake of the whole functions; for the realization of the functions, there are problems such as weakness of element tasks, singleness of supervision instruments, obstruction of communication mechanism.The causes of the above problems are: the difficulty of quality control, the serious challenges of economical globalization, the lack of validation of inspection and quarantine and the coming forward of trust crisis because of poor supervision.To solve the above problems, the inspection and quarantine institution require a series of approaches to adjust its functions.1. The inspection and quarantine institutions should perform official duties according to law and define their functions exactly. According to the laws and regulations and the Three-rules of AQSIQ, the inspection and quarantine institutions should define their function scope, follow the principle of"legal authority"and"forbidden without authorizing", conform to the request that, to the quality safety, the government assume overall responsibility, the enterprises shoulder the major responsibility, and the regulatory authorities assume their separate responsibilities, position their responsibilities. The inspection and quarantine institutions should communicate more with relevant sections of local Party committees and governments, order the inner duties and avoid problems such as overlapping of functions and passing the buck and improve the accuracy and legitimacy of law administration. The inspection and quarantine institutions should clarify the supervision responsibility of food safety strictly according to the"Law of Food Safety", define the responsibilities of relevant supervision sections and the head of local government on the raw materials and the circulation of export foods, and force the implement of food safety responsibility system. The inspection and quarantine institutions should establish and improve the Import-Export Food Quality and Safety Supervision Responsibility System from Province-level bureau down to subsidiary branches, clarify the supervision responsibilities of inspection and quarantine bureau, carry our the supervision measures, and affix the responsibility strictly.2. The inspection and quarantine institutions should supervise effectively. First, the inspection and quarantine institutions should enforce the transit of inspection-major to lay equal stress on inspection and supervision. For inspection, the inspection and quarantine institutions should integrate and enhance inspection techniques, deepen the reform, optimize the laboratory, personnel, and equipments, and the allocation of resources, transit the inspection mode, adjust the inspection technique structure, fix the inspection measure, item, and emphasis scientifically, research and apply fast inspection measures and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of inspections. The inspection and quarantine institutions should do more to drive forward the accreditation of enterprises'and social laboratories, impulse the complementation of the three inspection powers which are inspection and quarantine institutions, enterprises, and the social laboratories. For supervision, the inspection and quarantine institutions should not only establish target management and life-cycle control system, strengthen the risk evaluation and sort management, build the appraisal mechanism of enterprises'quality honesty, combination of authentication of legal inspection system and verification system, but also strive for innovation of deep rooted supervision mechanisms. Second, the inspection and quarantine institutions should enforce the transit of export-emphasis to lay equal stress on export and import, strengthen the supervisory control of the major sensitive import products, carry out AQSIQ's supervision and control program of quality safety of import food and cosmetics, strengthen the inspection and quarantine supervision of import waste raw materials, used electromechanical devices, medical apparatus and instruments, and improve the effectiveness of the inspection and quarantine supervision of import commodities. Third, the inspection and quarantine institutions should propel the transit of afterwards reply to early warning. The inspection and quarantine institutions should supervise effectively, they should not only be the firefighters after events, but also be the prevention team which can find problems early, estimate problems early, warn early and dispose the problems early. The inspection and quarantine institutions should enhance the daily random inspection and risk supervision of the illegal practice and violation of discipline such as possible additive abuse, use of none-food raw materials, counterfeiting, and abuse of pesticides, veterinary drugs and products without trademarks. The inspection and quarantine institution should enhance the inspection of key products, key industries, key areas which have severe quality safety problems and find the quality safety risks in time. Fourth, the inspection and quarantine institutions should propel the transit of service-important to service-and-guard- both-important. The inspection and quarantine institutions are both law-executor and server for the import and export enterprises; whereas the import and export enterprises are both law enforcing objects and service objects. As server, the inspection and quarantine institutions should be warm and considerate, as law-executor, they should act in strict accordance with the law. The inspection and quarantine institutions and the import and export enterprises are mutually dependent.3. The inspection and quarantine institutions should strengthen their ability to lay a foundation for performing their functions better. The inspection and quarantine institutions should regulate the supervision system, establish the system of the"Three Separate of Examination, authorization, and Supervision", further improve the inner supervision and checking mechanism, propel the system of making government affairs known to the public, and receive supervision from law enforcement objects actively, strengthen the after-approve supervision and avoid valuing examination and approving more than supervision. The inspection and quarantine institutions should enhance the legal supervision, prevent abuse of administrative punishment rights, let the idea of standardized law execution, effective law execution, and incorruptible law execution wind through the whole supervision and law execution circles, strengthen the Four Rates of inspection and quarantine and improve the nation guarding ability. The inspection and quarantine institutions should do more fundamental works, improve the technology supporting ability. Based on the need of inspection and quarantine undertaking development, the inspection and quarantine institutions should reinforce scientific research in technologies. The Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology Research Institute should do more to strengthen the research and development of application technology, rated high-tech and soft science, and cement its leading position in the inspection and quarantine system, improve the emergency mechanism, strengthen the ability of handle emergencies, intensify the crisis consciousness, improve the contingency plan, prevent, cope with, dispose, and after-manage the emergency conscientiously. The inspection and quarantine institutions must have emergency preplan and drill before emergency, response in time at emergency situation, for the information, the inspection and quarantine institutions should be the major source during and after the emergency so as to guide the public opinion and prevent spinning stories maliciously. The inspection and quarantine institutions should turn crisis in to a chance to show the ability and image of inspection and quarantine institutions and win the support of the public. The inspection and quarantine institutions should strengthen internal management and improve the innovation ability of management.4. The inspection and quarantine institutions should enhance learning and training and improve the quality of inspection and quarantine ranks, enhance the training of politics and law, form the thought that supervision according to the law is the best service. In the process of inspection and quarantine, the inspection and quarantine institutions should not only propel the administration and inspection in accordance the laws, use the legal jurisdiction of administration, supervision, and punishment to stop and blow the illegal acts which harm the nation and people's interest, but also firmly implant service philosophy in the mind,improve the service ability, bring out the supervision and service the best in each other. The inspection and quarantine institutions should more and better the skill training, in one hand, increase the input of equipment and detecting measures, in the other hand, they should step out training high quality inspection and quarantine experts who know the rules well. |
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