On The Challenges And Countermeasures Of General Transportation Department System Reform In China

Reforms in the general department system is the important part of government reforms in China, and actually it's the key point to the result of the government reforms. It is a necessary way to Chinese government modernization. As an outstanding representative, the purpose of the General Transportation Department system reform is to make the transportation distribution better, make full use of the superiority as a whole and improve the work efficiency of its composing parts so that the convenient, smooth, efficient, safe and comprehensive transportation system will be formed soon.This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is introduction. It mainly states the source and meaning of the topic, and gives the definition of Great Department's System and great communications and transportation management system—the essential concept of the paper. It also expounds domestic and abroad scholars' study on the reform of the great communications and transportation system. The so-called Great Department's System means that the departments with the similar nature are combined together and that closely-related functions are centralized in one great department in order to promote the integrative management and harmonization of the government affairs. The purpose is to avoid the overlap of the government functions, one decision from many departments, and multi-managements. It is a management system that can enhance the structure integration, strengthen the coordination among the departments, exercise the unification of the functions, increase the administrative efficiency, and reduce the administrative cost. The great communications and transportation system refers to the public management functions, including road transportation, water transportation, and air transportation. As a result, the intelligent integrative communications and transportation management system with quick and logistics features are realized.Based on the summarization of various countries' communications management systems, the second part analyzes the background and motives of reform of great communications and transportation department. The Great Department's System is the main model in the government with advanced market economy.In American, UK, and Germany, which efficiently use communications resources, integrative transportation management system whose model is the great communications and transportation system is adopted extensively. Their successful experience provides beneficial lessons for the exploration of great communications and transportation system. The background of this reform is that our country exercise another reform in the administrative system, while the communication and transportation industry becomes the pilot industry and remarkable industry in the reform. At present, in this industry, various transportations are managed by different departments, while in the same transportation, the management functions are also dispersed. Separation problem is obvious.In the service network, it is not perfect in the effective communication, the allocation of transportation resource, and transfer of transportation information. Consequently, the scale of economy and benefit of integrative transportation can not be realized in the various transportation and transportation companies.In addition, this reform shares the same motives with other reforms of Great Department's System, including, the perfection of socialist market economy, reasonable allocation of resources, and the transformation of the government functions. It is the internal requirement of accelerating the administration system reform and important measure to optimize government structure and to increase the government efficiency.In a word, the direct reason for the reform of Great Department's System and the great communications and transportation management system lies in that the current government structure can not meet the need of the social and economic development. The government manages the things that are not under its control, while the things under its control are not managed well. From the point of deep reason, it is the necessary administration system reform which is new sign of this kind of reform because our country now is a market economy country and exercise reforms in all the fields, such as, in economy, society, politics, and culture.The third part analyzes problems and challenges that China's Transport reform of the system is faced with. That reform is another big move in the major sector of China's administrative system reform since the opening up. "Deep Water" operation is confronted with many problems. Issues and challenges in the major sector reform are also prominent in the reform process of Transportation Department. First, the interests of the sector is the biggest obstacle and difficulty to reform. Reform of Great Department's System will deeply touch the interests of the government. The biggest obstacle is the strengthened interests of the sector over the years, and the most difficult point is how to coordinate the interests of special interest groups. Management of the transport sector is divided into several narrow parts, forming interest groups in highways, waterways, railways and civil aviation sectors. The Ministry of Railways is the last strongest bastion of the planned economy era. The reason why the reforms and development of railway industry lagged far behind lies in that the relevant departments didn't want to give up the interests they got and open up the operation of this industry. Second, the power structure and functions are needed to perfect, and the supervision and restraint of powers are still needed to strengthen. The mixture of politics and company is a serious stumbling block of China's integrated transport system reform and development. At the same time, there are too many departments responsible for the transportation. They do everything by their own way, and they are self-contained. As a result, the structure is not reasonable, and the transportation efficiency is not high because of lack of convergence with each other. Third, it is necessary to explore and innovate the reform strategies and approaches. The establishment of the integrated transportation management system does not mean merger or consolidation of departments at a general sense. Its horizontal and vertical integration is the inherent requirement of a certain stage of transportation industry accompanied by economic development. In a short period of time, the establishment of the integrated and efficient transportation management system can not be finished by one step, and it is a gradual process. We can not be anxious to carry out the reform of great transportation department system which can not be divorce from China's national conditions. We cannot blindly follow the foreign countries' reforms. We should explore and implement this reform actively, steadily, and progressively.The fourth part analysis the strategies when Facing the problems and challenges in our major transportation reform. First, sector interests should be reasonably regulated and integrated. Every reform is the adjustment of vested interests, and the starting point to reform is to achieve the national fundamental interest, to reasonably regulate and integrate interests of the sector, and to combine the long-term and short-term goal of reform.In particular, we should pay attention to the medium-term objective, take people as a dominant factor, easily administrate, improve efficiency, strengthen the country in great power and improve the lives of people. Moreover, the formation of major transport sector will be conducive to the elimination of interest between departments, and each resources controlled in the past for the sector are turned into formation of integrated interests. Then unpleasant competition will not happen in order to safeguard the overall function and to guarantee the best interest of the public at the same time. Second, we should strengthen the power of supervision and restraint. To avoid each doing things in his own way and to promote the co-ordination and closely connection between a variety of modes of transport are the main purposes to formats the Department Transportation. It is necessary to improve the supervision of administrative power system, so decision-making, implementation, and supervision can hold restrictions to each other and coordinate with each other. Third, we should actively and steadily push forward structural reform step by step. In this reform, we can not hesitate again and again and waste time, meanwhile we can not hastily push it forward. But in the overall point of view, on the premise of clear basic direction reforms should be over ally planned, actively and steadily pushed forward. The reform should be carried out in selected units, step-by-step implemented and designed in system. In China, due to different market-oriented degree, different management, and internal complex system of roads, air transport, especially railway transport and other forms, to set up efficient and integrated transport system can not be achieved in a short period of time, which requires a step-by-step process.Part V is conclusion. The part points out that pushing forward the big traffic headquarter reforming must encounter layer-upon-layer resistance which will be big even than people anticipates. Therefore, big traffic headquarter reforming of our country is heavy and long ,which requires that we should open up and make innovations unceasingly, and make every effort to achieve both strengthen reforming and push forward the course of reforming step by step.