The Cause And Countermeasures Of Misconducts In Science

Misconducts in science,rampant in present academic circles,have greatly destroyed academic mode and hindered the construction of an "innovative" country.Were not properly controlled,the consequences would be disastrous.By exploring into misconducts in science from different aspects,this paper traces the rampancy of misconducts in science into their origin and correspondingly puts forward practical countermeasures.Efforts made in this paper are expected to benefit a sound academic development in China.The paper is comprised of four parts.Chapter 1 and 2,the first one,introduce the origin of this paper and theoretically present the definition,features,harms and the manifestation of misconducts in all stages of scientific researches.Chapter 3,laying a basis for the views in the paper,concerns with the scientific standards,awarding mechanism and features,and the production mode of scientific knowledge in the post-academic science era,as well as their differences from those in Merdun era.It shows that the thorough penetration of the country and the society into science mainly accounts for the loss of independence of science and also turns science into a tool for wealth.As a background of misconducts governance,the discussion of its era and causes is indispensable.Chapter 4 of causes is key for the paper.It first goes through some representative theories of misconducts in science and then proposes an occurrence mechanism of interaction among society,scientific community and scientific research personnel.Last, intense analysis is made on the causes of misconducts in science from many aspects of society,scientific community and scientific research personnel.It holds that misconducts in science are extended from political and economical corruptions,bearing no essential differences between them.Socially,it roots out from the absence of rational spirit in China history.Socially,problematic guidance of values leads to a break of goals and means.As a result,the society and the academic circles are left non-standard and viewpoints of life and the world are shook.Politically,imperfect legal system results into power that outstrips law.The typical community system of Chinese academic circles, which permits power interference into academic circles,is the core realistic reason of rampant misconducts in science.Discussions also touch upon causes like influences of unhealthy social practices,imperfection of scientific and research system,moral decline of scientific research personnel,imperfection of punishment mechanism.Chapter 5 of countermeasures is the crux of the paper.Based on previous cause-analysis,countermeasures of misconducts in science are elaborated in views of construction of academic morale,reform of academic system,establishment of academic democracy,and improvement of academic punishment mechanism.Feasibility and innovation of the paper are embodied in measures such as straightening out privilege relation between the country and academic institutions,founding education bank to distribute lottery tickets,exercise of classified evaluation standards,establishment of intermediary evaluation mechanism,reform of examination of professional titles, founding of academic morale committee and launch of China's actual condition education.Misconducts in science will be improved by serious implementation of such countermeasures.