Countermeasures And Thoughts For Solving Difficulties In Housing Of Low-income Households

Housing problem is one of the important issues of people's livelihood. As a kind of special commodity, it not only has interchangeability, but also has social security characteristic as a basic material of people's livelihood. In this article, taking the successes of Jilin Province and Liaoning Province in reconstruction of urban shanty areas as the cases, and some favorable measures and methods adopted by other countries in establishment and perfection of housing guarantee system, I attempt to expound that solving the difficulties in housing of low-income households in urban areas is the duty of government at all levels, and the real estate developers shall not become the leading role in housing guarantee system. In addition, I expound the leading position of government in accelerating the establishment of a perfect policy system, which emphasizes in low-rent housing system and economical and suitable housing, and solves the difficulties in housing of low-income household in urban areas. It is the effective solution to regard the solving of housing difficulties of low-income households as a long-term policy, and an important work to protect the masses'interest and important content of reform of housing system, as well as an important duty of government in public service.This article consists of four parts:I. ForewordThe housing problem of low-income group, which is the outcome of continuous development of urbanization and industrialization, is one of the social issues in modern city, and an important problem that every country in the world would face in development. More developed the economy is, more rapidly the housing price increases. When low-income household cannot afford a house, the deficiency of effective housing demand will inevitably happens. Carrying out housing guarantee is not only necessary for basic living demand of low-income people, but also for them to support the family and foster children. The government is responsible to solve the housing demand of low-income group by proper intervention, which will not only show the authority of government, but also increase social cohesion. It has great significance in constructing socialist harmonious society and guaranteeing the stability of society, and accelerating the economic development and social progress.II. The development process and main problems of housing guarantee system in our country(I) The development history of housing guarantee work in our countryIn the early period after founding of PRC, housing was completely a kind of welfare in cities and towns, under the system of socialist planning economy. The system was carried out as low wages, low rent plus subsidy and rationing of real articles. During the late period, housing was seriously deficient due to ill management, rapid increase of population and insufficient investment in housing construction. Under this background, the state began to reform the housing system in cities and towns and tried for establishing new housing guarantee system which would be more equal and efficient. In 1087-1991, the policies of increasing rent for capital accumulation and"three-three system of house-selling"were carried out. In 1991-1993, the housing reform was pushed forward completely. In 1993-1998, it was the key stage of housing reform. In 1998-2003, new housing system was preliminarily established. In 2003-2007, it was the period to regulate real estate market and establish housing guarantee system. From 2007 to now, the housing guarantee system was strengthened. For it was a relatively short time since the housing guarantee was put forward, a complete housing guarantee system has not been formed yet, and it is inevitable that some existing systems have inherent defects.(II) Analysis of main problems and reasons at presentThe construction progress of housing guarantee system relatively lags: first, the construction of low-rent housing system is still in its starting stage. Second, the construction of economical and suitable housing system deviates largely from the initial intention of policy. Third, the guarantee function is weakened by the defects exist in the public accumulation fund system of housing. Fourth, the number of low-income groups is too large to guarantee them all. Reasons for abovementioned problems: first, the system is not perfect and the applicable objects are not clearly defined. Second, attention paid to the problems is not enough, and the policy is not carried out to the detail. Third, the level of national economy is low and financial support is insufficient.III. Main measures that government adopts to solve the difficulties in housing of low-income households in developed countries(regions) and enlightenmentsAt present, housing supply system, which solves the housing problems of low-income households well, with both market operation mechanism and social security mechanism, are adopted in America, England, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong and other countries and regions. The housing problems of high-income households are solved by market operation mechanism. For housing guarantee of low-income households, according to the patterns of government intervention, can be summarized into three modes of housing system: first, the government invests in construction of large quantities of low-rent public housing for low-income households. Second, the government provides financial subsidy to house-building units to correspondingly restrict the selling and renting prices of houses. Third, the government restricts the renting price of private house. Practice in many countries proves that the construction of housing guarantee system can not be done in a short time but is a long-term national policy.IV. Correct choices for solving housing difficulties of low-income households in urban areas of our country– housing guarantee system Taking reconstruction of urban shanty areas in Jilin Province as an example, to explain that government is the subject of responsibility, and organizer and doer in solving difficulties in housing of low-income households in urban areas, and the common people trust government and support reconstruction of shanty areas. The success of shanty areas reconstruction shows that it is the most direct and effective pattern in solving housing difficulties of low-income households only when government is in leading position. Meanwhile, to explain that it is the only way and a long-term plan to solve housing difficulties by establishing housing guarantee system, in using successful experiences from abroad for reference. (I) Government is the subject of responsibility and organizer and doer in carrying out housing guarantee system. (II) Main approaches for solving difficulties in housing of low-income households. 1. Establishing perfect provision system of low-rent housing. 2. Go on perfecting the economical and suitable housing system. 3. Standardizing system of public accumulation fund. 4. The government providing preferential policies. (III) Establishing laws and regulations in accordance with national conditions for housing guarantee, establishing special housing guarantee institutions and building long-acting operation mechanism for housing guarantee. 1. Strengthening legislation and perfecting guarantee mechanism. 2. Strengthening the management and implementation of housing guarantee system.