| Soil resources are the scarce resources of the world, which have played an important role for the ecological environment and the world economic development. Northeast black soil Area is one of the world three rich black soil areas, and it is the basis of the development of the Northeast agriculture. Northeast black soil Area also has an important guarantee for our national food security. China's northeast region is not only the black areas of China's granary, but also is a major contributor in the world agricultural production. In April 1991, the United Nations FAO convened in the Netherlands Agriculture and the Environment international conference and delivered the famous Deboush Declaration, and the definition of sustainable agriculture is: the management and protection of the natural resource base, and adjust the technology and institutional reform direction, in order to ensure access to and continue to meet the present and future generations of people who need generations. The sustainable development of these agriculture,forestry and fisheries sector will protect the land, water, plant and animal genetic resources, but not will cause environmental degradation, while technically appropriate, economically viable, can be acceptable to the community. In the declaration made in the agricultural sustainable development theory, which is the economic development of agriculture correct interpretation, as well as the development of agriculture in the world economy that the roads.This paper on Northeast District Agricultural black economic development status, from the perspective of agricultural ecological environment, expounds the black soil area northeast of agriculture in the economic development process, the various factors affecting the sustainable development of a summarized, and in accordance with the economic knowledge elaborates the corresponding resolution strategy.Northeast black areas of farmland ecosystems Although is only two hundred years , but because of the excessive reclamation and unreasonable use on land, it almost goes beyond the succession of agricultural ecosystems in the Central Plains in three thousand years in the succession of history, degraded at an alarming rate, in serious soil erosion, land productivity decline , farmland pollution, the reduction in the amount of arable land and natural disasters exacerbate ecological areas, such as environmental problems, including soil erosion problem which has become constraints sustained agricultural development in the northeastern region of the main factors. To sum up, the black soil zone in the ecological environment can be carried out from the following analysis of several aspects:Firstly , soil erosion is serious;secondly, soil degradation is serious;thirdly, soil pollution is serious;fourth, black soil non-agricultural conversion is serious ;fifth, frequent natural disasters, such as droughts and floods, and other phenomena. These have become the northeastern region affected agricultural sustainable economic development constraints, seriously hampering economic development in the Northeast region as a whole. Agricultural development has problems, that does not move naturally with the development of industries and services, and regional economic development could not keep pace with the overall development needs, that will lead to serious economic entire northeast region lags behind. In order to properly understand the Northeast District Agricultural economic development status, in view of the above issues the author raised in-depth analysis of the causes. A black district achieves the un-sustainable development of agriculture, and it can be divided into two kinds factors, natural factors and human factors. Natural factors include climate, topography , soil characteristics and so on. It is the foundation and prerequisite for a potential factor which caused slowly soil erosion. While natural resources and human development and the irrational use of a variety of natural factors undermine the relative balance, the pace accelerated soil erosion. It can be said that soil erosion is the main human factors, supplemented by natural factors and the occurrence and development. Specifically: firstly, the Northeast black landscape terrain is prone to lead to soil erosion; secondly, the soil texture is the basis of degraded soil erosion; thirdly, the reasons for the adverse climatic impact. On the basis of the natural factors, there are reasons for the existence of man-made: there is serious deforestation for development; there is unreasonable phenomenon about prominent farming; the inputs of organic fertilizer are short; excessive black soil area to the development and construction of the adverse impact. In addition, there are no clear property rights such as land, land ownership system is not sound, and the global climate warming, and other factors common role.Northeast District Agricultural against black economic issues, the problems with these various reasons, the paper will be sustainable agricultural development applied to the theory of good practice. In response to these various issues, and put forward the following measures to resolve several: First, the protection of the agricultural environment, prevention of soil erosion. Erosion control measures to protect the most important natural forests, and increase of woodland and grass cover. Then, we must strengthen the rectification of slope land. Second, prevent soil degradation, strengthen comprehensive management. In the crop structure, use crop rotation, intercropping, mixed, interpolating and other forms of adjustment to the cultivation of different crops proportion and structure of the soil to improve the environmental conditions, soil nutrients in a balanced, coordinated, and to the land use and protection of land on the Elimination of excessive dependence on inorganic fertilizers. Thirdly, strengthening agricultural development planning, formulating relevant laws and regulations. We should actively carry out the Water and Soil Conservation Law, Land Management Law, the legislative work of supporting laws and regulations, while improving the related regulations and policy measures, and gradually establish a complete set of laws, rules and regulations of the system; then, we must intensify law enforcement monitoring and set up regular inspection of law enforcement system, and actively explore a prevention, prevention and post-integration investigate new ways of monitoring law enforcement, to effectively protect black soil zone sustainable use of resources. Forth, increase their awareness and focus on science and technology. It is necessary to fully mobilize their feelings on the land, the land of peasants to strengthen the protection of awareness, and actively organize peasants study advanced farming techniques, and communication activities to strengthen fine varieties, the farmers changed the consciousness of the traditional farming methods, and conscientiously implement sustainable agriculture the spirit of learning and the organization of farmers, Land Law strengthening their legal awareness. It is necessary to strengthen farmers on agricultural science and technology learning, the use of science and technology is improving the competitiveness of the northeastern region of agricultural products, developing agriculture through science and technology to achieve real, we should promote the agricultural economy of the Northeast Sustainable Development, construction, the black soil area northeast modern agriculture. Fifth, strengthen the agricultural area northeast black economic development of international cooperation. To the northeast region for the development of agriculture, we must not only rely on its internal mechanism of change, but also brings its external environment favorable conditions of play to its geographic advantage in the agricultural, financial and technological development, and vigorously with the Northeast Asian nations agricultural cooperation with the countries at the same time vigorously develop the agricultural trade. To give full play to the Northeast Asian region international markets, and in the Northeast Asian region with the environment in order to really revitalize the northeastern region of Agriculture, thereby giving impetus to the overall revitalization of the northeastern region.In summary, this paper ,through the black soil area northeast of the status quo, finds black northeast district currently impeding the development of the agricultural economy all sorts of obstacles, and address these issues of the causes, and proposed solutions should be relatively strategy. Therefore, it is not difficult to see that the black soil area northeast of serious soil erosion has reached the level of serious soil erosion ,that is the loss of the black areas as the country's major grain production bases black basis, the loss is also the basis for the survival of mankind, therefore Northeast black soil area on the sustainable development of agriculture must draw attention to government departments, under the broad masses of peasants, and the northeastern region must really play the positive role of food production, the protection of valuable soil resources, sustainable development of agriculture will be implementation of the spirit in the end, only Thus, the black soil area northeast can be faster and better economic development, and the northeastern region as the country's commodity grain silos can give full play to the role, and to be here on the basis of the world's food production and economic development in the northeast area unique contribution to the soil. |
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