Study On Chinese Rural Social Endowment Insurance System

The rural social endowment insurance system is an important part of the rural social security system, the base and the core of it as well. It is rather meaningful to study the rural social endowment insurance system from the aspects of its society, economy and politics.Our country's rural endowment insurance system has experienced different stages, however, the existing system has some problems and flaws. To innovate our rural social endowment insurance system is a need for building up socialist market economy, a desire for adopting the fast speed of aging population, and a help for establishing socialist harmonious society and keeping national economy's sustainable development. According to the number of rural aged people, if the substitute rate of pensions were very reasonable, there would not increase extra fiscal burden. The other countries` experiences and the other regions` experiments have illustrated that China has its social and economic necessities of setting up the rural social retirement insurance system.Therefore, establishing the rural social retirement insurance system is not only necessary but also practical.Establishing the rural social retirement insurance system should abide by the principle of serving villagers with lower standard, covering the rural areas widely and keeping sustainable; adhere to its developing guideline of integrating the base, instructing the different groups and advancing fully; stick to unifying its social, economic and politic goals and unifying its short-term target and its long-term target; persist in classifying the responsibilities of individuals, employers and the government.The overall planning areas of Chinese rural social retirement insurance should be enlarged, which can give full play to mutual aid of retirement insurance and contribute to forming the national overall system. At the beginning of carrying out this system, the government may try to implement the transitional method of design depending on different areas and implementation depending on different provinces, at last realize national planning as a whole. As far as the applicants are concerned, according to the employment structure, they can be classified four groups---rural workers, farmers, farmers without farming and farmers losing their farm. Then the government should lay down the social retirement insurance system respectively, and permit mutual transference between different groups, between different areas and between cities and rural areas. After establishing the rural social retirement insurance system, the authority ought to integrate its city system and rural system, finally develop the same social retirement insurance system in the city and in the countryside. For instance, Qingdao City of Shandong Province has enacted different policies and got effective results by the way of dividing the rural retirement insurance into three types---rural workers, rural population and farmers losing their farms.The funds of the rural social retirement insurance should be undertaken by individuals, employers and the government. According to the measurement, as long as the ratio of pension premium and covering widely can be made sure reasonably, the current money raised will pay for the seniors` pensions and still have some surplus. Furthermore, if the government increases its fiscal support and expand the channel of funds raised, the funds for the rural social retirement insurance will be formed in a large scale. The funds for the rural social retirement insurance should adopt mixed funds accumulation model. Depending on sources of the funds, the authority employs the different accumulation models to raise the funds` utilization rate and increase the foundation accumulation. So our relative units must set up specialized funds for the rural social retirement insurance, improve the foundation's managing continuously, explore various ways to invest actively, extend the investment scopes gradually, reduce the investment risk, improve the level of keeping and increasing values, and then solve the demands for funds effectively.