Study On Transfer Training Of Agricultural Labor Force

Many labor force have moved to cities from rural areas since 1990s. It is investigated that there are 0.15-0.2 billion peasant workers and about 0.15 billion surplus rural labors and the number increases 5-6 million every year. The transfer modes of labor force in Agriculture can be classified into two types: one is to transfer into the field of non-Agriculture. The other one is to transfer into cities. The transfer of the labor force in Agriculture can increase the peasants'income and facilitate the optimization of the deployment. On the other hand, cheap labor force can be provided to companies and the international competition of product and service will be increased, too. This would be helpful to exportation.While China's economic structure changed from extensive type into intensive type, the requirement for labor force quality becomes higher. There are many agricultural labor force who have no strong suit and feed on their own physical force in the society. They have difficulty in obtaining employment in cities. Because of the high substitution, they are faced with unemployment and low income and bad working environment. However, Zhujiang Delta and Changjiang Delta are badly short of technical labor force and even inadequate producing ability, and cannot accomplish orders in time. Based on finished fundamental education, labor force should be trained and improve their technical level and management level. Moreover, the basic knowledge training of life and law should be provided in order to improve the integrated quality of labor force, and further raise the labor productivity.Since the training of labor force transfer has the attribute of commonality, the government should provide necessary fund and comes on related policy, and gives encouragement and instruction. In 2004, the Sunshine Program initiated by Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and so on, is the training aimed at the transfer of agricultural labor force. After 3 years, the allowance paid by the central finance is up to 1.25 billion RMB. The number of trained peasants was up to 8.35 million (up dated at the late of 2006). It is investigated that the average income of the trained labor force was no less than 800 RMB per month. This was 400 RMB and 200 RMB more than the income of labor force in the county and the untrained labor force, respectively. The effect of training is significant. However, the range of this training was small (compared to 0.15-0.2 billion transferred and 0.15 billion being transferred agricultural labor force), the subsidy per person is low, and the training is only developed in the output areas of the labor force, and few people get benefits. The content of training is out of joint with the need of the market.This paper systematically analyzes the status and content of transfer training according to transfer trained objects----government, labor force in rural areas, employers and other communities in the society. It is also compared with that of international training. Based on this, the paper discusses the way and the ability of financing and other funding problems for training. It is believed that the government should be the main body of investors. This paper also raises the special advantage of agencies of labor markets as investors. Then, this paper analyzes the training market from the aspect of supply and demand of labor force.There are four chapters in this paper.The structure and content are as follows:Chapter 1Introducing the background , purpose and significance of this research. Then, methodology and structure of the paper was described and some key concepts in this paper are defined. Finally, the related research evolvement in China and abroad is simply evaluated.Chapter 2 Introduces the necessity of transfer training of agricultural labor force, the content of training, the mechanism of financing and the market analysis of training. Section 1 describes the current status of transfer training of agricultural labor force ----there are more than 5-6 million labor force in the country that should be transferred every year. Agricultural labor force that has been transferred is lack of skill and technical training. Then, I put emphasis on the effect of training on labor force transfer. Reducing the discrepancy of income between cities and rural areas. Section 2 introduces the Sunshine Program in our country, then compared with training programs abroad where what we should learn from. Section 3 analyzes the state of training programs, which the government charging with are fast developed, however, the quality of training is to be improved, the training system is not normative. Section 4 analyzes the training financing. The author points that the most fees of training should be offered by the government, including central and local governments, the rest is shared by peasants who participate the training and employers, and other relevant organizations. One of innovations in this paper is the point of view that labor agencies prepay for the training.Chapter 3 analyzes the obstacle factors in the process of transfer training . Section 1 firstly analyzes the less years of peasants'fundamental education (the average educated years is 7.3 on rural labor force) , lack of training, resources of recruitment information ,without definite career planning, no enthusiasm in training, and so on. Secondly analyzing why employers aren't reluctant to train workers(or potential workers) ----overflow effective, the high-liquidity of peasant workers.Chapter 4 is about conclusion and policy suggestions, which includes: (1) The government should increase inputs to rural labor force, adding the fees to the fiscal budgets, and to be mechanism; (2) innovating the training modes---peasants participate trainings freely, the government pay for it ; (3) Identification of professional skills should be normative; (4)Training should be developed in not only output areas of labor force ,but also input areas. And the training content should be diversity.There are two main contributions in this paper: the one is the labor agencies , who are professional in search for recruitment information and high sensitivity to labor markets, prepay for the training before employers'recruitment. The other one is the innovation of training modes. According to the subsidies of grain from for the field of circulation to the direct subsidies for peasants, which can save transportation and store costs, and enhance efficiency, the author suggests that the government should directly offer peasants who participate transfer training subsidies, not for trainers. Then according to the market operation , the price of training is decided by qualities of training , the extent of competition between trainers, and so on. Peasants can make choices freely that which one they will participate, meanwhile , trainers charges the market prices. It's beneficial to all of the objects participating transfer training.