Production Efficiency In Different Planting Scale Of Arable Land In Hills And Mountains

It is the steady growth of grain output that is the basical protection for the rapid development of economic and social. The crisis of world food security breaks out, which sounded the alarm for China in 2008. In addition to curb the trend of rapid decrease in arable land, food production also should be greatly increased in order to ensure national food security. In the order to avoid food crisis, the state attaches importance to the stability and increase of crop yields, but farmers are concerned about the stability and increase of the land revenue. The scale of cultivated land is an indicator of reflcting the the degree of concentration on production factors of land. In recent years, many scholars quantitatively researched the relationship between the scale of land management and land productivity, and analyzed the the temperate size of land cultivated to make sure land productivity stability increase. Useing the model of SFA and the income approach, the paper caculated the productivity of cultivated land and the economic value of arable land from the plot scale, and analyzed the relationship between those and plant size, and then ultimately seek the reasonable size of land cultivated which the productivity and the economic value of arable land are within economies scale in hilly area.A series of meaningful conclusions are as follows:(1) The elasticity coefficient of paddy field and dry land into the land of output is respectively 0.7592 and 0.9771, which indicats that the relationship between land input and crop production at paddy field plots are positively correlated, and the effect of land input on output growth is not fully utilized, it is further land investment that is conducive to increased crop yields. But it is not much room for additional dry land in the study area. The elasticity coefficient of labor input in paddy fields is 0.1386, the same as land input, the relationship is also a positive correlation. And the effect of labor input on output growth is also not fully utilized.While the elasticity coefficient of labor input in dry land is-0.1357, contrary to the paddy fields, the relationship is a negative correlation. That continuing to additional labor input will not take advantage of the growth of crop production in dryland. The elasticity coefficient of the inputs of means of production which includes seeds inputs, fertilizer inputs, pesticide inputs, irrigation investment, the total power inputs are all smaller. (2) Viewed on the property of the land itself on the cultivation, farming radius, slope and the plow layer thickness are the main factors of non-technical effectiveness on cultivated land production.The relationship between the technical non-effectiveness of plow layer thickness and crop production is a significant negative correlation, and then increasing the plow layer thickness is conducive to improve the crop yield on paddy field and dry land. The influence on the technical non-effectiveness of land slope and the radius of farming on crop yield is positive, which restrict the improvement of land productivity on a certain extent. Cropping of paddy land is not the main reason which caused by agricultural production techniques loss. On the contrary the increase of dryland cropping is conducive to improve crop yield. Land productivity of paddy land is generally higher than that of dry land, while the differences on land productivity of dryland are more than that of paddy field. The main reason is that external factors technology in paddy field is superior to dry land, while the differences on that of dry land is more than paddy field between the blocks.(3) The economic value are different among different villages.The economic value of arable land are 77816.80 yuan per ha on menjing village; that are 76093.83 yuan per ha on shizi village; that are 92645.53 yuan per ha on zhushan village; that are 71153.91 yuan per ha on gaochuan village. That is Zhushan Village> Menjing Village> Shizi Village> Gaochuan Village. The economic values are different among different land use types. The average economic value of paddy field are 81272.59 yuan per ha; that of dryland are 77,810.40 yuan per ha. It can be seen that the average economic value of paddy land are higher than that of dry land. The economic value around the block is diversity on different land use types. That the average economic value around the block on paddy fields are more concentrated, which are mostly among the 50 thousand yuan per ha to100 thousand yuan per ha. While the average economic values are parity around the block on dry land. The maximum are more than 300 thousand yuan per ha, and the minimum are almost closed to 0. As production inputs and the non-technical factors are different, there is a big difference around the block. The max average economic value are 352,524.48 yuan per ha around the block, and the minimum is only 363.75 yuan per ha.(4) When the scale of planting paddy land is among the range from 0.01 to 2.07 ha, the relationship among the cultivation scale and cultivated land productivity or the economic value are positively related. That is to say the land productivity and the economic value increase at the rate of decreasing with the scale increasing. When the scale of dryland is among the range from 0.01to 0.56 ha, the relationships among the cultivation scale and cultivated land productivity or the economic value are positively related. With the scale increasing, the land productivity increase at the rate of decreasing, and the economic value increase at the rate of ascending. When it is among the range from 0.56 to 0.87 ha, the relationships among the cultivation scale and cultivated land productivity or the economic value are still positively related. And both of them increase at the rate of decreasing. In this context, both from the perspective of national food security or maximize economic interests which farmers seek to increase their income, the methods, including land consolidation projects or land transfer policy formulation and effective implementation and so on, should be taken to merger the small plots and expand the scale of cultivation so as to improve crop yields, increase farmers income and ensure food security. When the scale is among the range from 2.07 to 5.04ha in paddy land, and the scale is among the range from 0.87 to 1.34ha in dryland, the relationship between the cultivation scale and cultivated land productivity are negative correlation, while the economic values are still positively related. In this context, from the perspective of national food security, pursuiting of maximizing food production and land productivity, the scale of grain crops can not be extended; while from farmers seeking to maximize economic benefits and to increase their income point of view, the methods, including land consolidation projects or land transfer policy formulation and effective implementation and so on, should be taken to merger the small plots and expand the scale of cultivation so as to improve crop yields, increase farmers income. When the scale is more than 5.04ha in paddy land and that is more than 1.34 ha in dryland, the relationship among the cultivation scale and cultivated land productivity or the economic value are both negative correlation. At this time, both from the perspective of national food security or maximize economic interests which farmers seek to increase their income, the methods on expanding the scale of cultivation should be taken to improve crop yields and increase farmers income.In summary, from the figure spot scale, taking into account the properties such as land farming radius, slope, tillage layer thickness, and considering factor in crop prices, this article comprehensively analyzes the reasonable size of land cultivated which the productivity and the economic value of arable land are within economies scale. That provides reference for the state whatever measures should take to increase food production, to ensure food security and to increase their income.