Research On Emergency Response System For Water Environment Security And Key Technology In Nansi Lake Basin

In recent years, abrupt environment affairs, especially sudden water pollution accidents, have frenquently taken place in China, with the rapid development of social and economic and with the accelerating process of industrialization and urbanization. Not only they caused huge economic losses, but also caused serious ecological damage and social crisis, what’ more, the damage degree is increasing, and they posed a huge threat to water environment security of China.The South-to-North Water Transfer Project was a strategic project that can alleviate the severe water shortage problem in the northern China. Nansi Lake was an important water transimission channel and storage lake of the east route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Nansi Lake water quality must stable reach the surface water Ⅲ class for the protection of water quality security of the east route. However, there were more risk sources, and the industrial structure tended to be heavy, the potential risk of occurring sudden water pollution accidents was high in Nansi Lake basin. Therefore, based on the strategy of "pollution control, circle utilization and ecological restoration and protection", the construction of fast, timely, accurate and effective emergency response system for water environment security had important application value and practical significance in Nansi Lake basin.In this paper, the main research contents and results include:(1) Taking Zhuzhao River as the representative of inflow rivers, the main risk sources relating to water and risk materials were investigated and evaluated through data collection and field reconnaissance and other means, including industrial pollution and urban sewage treatment plants. The water quality of Zhuzhao River and Nansi Lake was evaluated. The study found that there were more industrial risk sources, and the industrial structure tended to be heavy, there were risks from natural and malfunction in urban sewage treatment plants in this basin. There were more risks of sudden water pollution accidents caused by excessive discharge of large quantities of industrial wastewater, raw materials leak, human factors and terrorist damage. The water quality of Zhuzhao River and Nansi Lake can’t stably meet surface water Ⅲ class requirements.(2) The inadequate problems on construction of emergency response system for water environment security in inflow rivers and Nansi Lake were analysized from the situation of management and engineering. The study found that water security was severe, emergency management system and emergency support system was imperfect, and emergency response technology was insufficiency. Based on the feature and situation of emergency response system of water environment security in Nansi Lake basin, the construction principle and general framework of emergency response system for water environment security in Nansi Lake basin was proposed, composed by the emergency management system, emergency response system, emergency response technology system and emergency support system.(3) Based on the strategy of "pollution control, circle utilization and ecological restoration and protection", specific content and implementation mechanisms of the various parts of emergency response system for water environment security in Nansi Lake basin was researched deeply. By analyzing the vertical and horizontal composition and functions of organizations, as well as proposing the main content of emergency management legalization and institutionalization, the risk source database and monitoring network, government and enterprises emergency plan system, The emergency management system was established, which emergency organization system was taken as main body in the, the construction of emergency Law, the risk sources database and monitoring network, emergency plan system were taken as assistant body. Based on the characteristics in Nansi Lake basin, and drawing combines basic ideas and RBCA and P-S-R model, four emergency levels were developed, according to the occurrence place of sudden water pollution accident, the scope and degree of harm. Emergency response measures were proposed depending on the emergency level. Emergency response hierarchy mode of water environment security in Nansi Lake were proposed from emergency classification, information reports and notification, emergency monitoring, emergency rescue, emergency response and post-accident repair and evaluation. Based on the different stages of development sudden water pollution accident in Nansi Lake basin, emergency response system was proposed from engineering measures and reduction technology aspects, including pollution sources response-urban concentration response regulation and storage facilities response-river transport response-lake inlet terminal response five stages. To ensure proper disposal to carry out Emergency support system, including the establishment of emergency supplies reserves, emergency team building, emergency information and communications security, emergency technical support, emergency fund guarantee and emergency propaganda education.(4) Due to the rapid development of the petrochemical industry in the basin, petroleum pollution has become an important security threat to Water Environment Security of Nansi Lake basin. In the condition of laboratory, oil-absorbing effect of oil-absorbing cotton, the adsorption effect of the amount of Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC), the oscillation frequency and oscillation timeon the adsorption efficiency, and adsorption stability was tested in this study. Oil-absorbing cotton and PAC adsorption was studied to remove excessive oil in water, in order to achieve Ⅲ class requirements of GB3838-2002《Surface Water Environment Quality Standard》. The experiment proved that the total diesel fuel removal efficiency was up to93%by oil-absorbing cotton and PAC adsorption method, which can effectively, stably deal with sudden excessive oil pollution accidents. Simultaneously, the adsorption isotherm model of PAC to diesel, qe=0.2585Ce0’6849(5℃), and the recommendations for the project were proposed when oil exceeded, providing a reference for emergency treatment of sudden excessive oil pollution acncidents.