The Cultural Turn Of Scientific Philosophy

After overthrowing the traditions of medieval theology, the science with amazing speed has penetrated in every corner of the world since the revolution of modern science and technology. It makes people discussing scientific rationality widely. which also makes scientific rationality stabilize the position of absolute authority. Driven by scientific rationality, the structure of human society has changed. The complex structure of modern life style and economic and political system have been established. There is no doubt that the discussion about "science" is becoming more and more prosperous. No matter is the development of "small science" or the scale of the "big science",completely embody the distinguished status of science. However, along with the tense relationship resulting from person to person, between man and nature, making moral decline and the ecological crisis has become a global problem.Science seems to be getting more and more hard and cold, and the gap between scientific culture and humanistic culture is more and more big. Therefore, it is necessary to philosophical reflect on the science.Along with the forward road of the scientific philosophy, First half of twentieth Century, spring up the "logical empiricism" school of Schlick as a representative. In logic and experience combined with the "dualism" position on the interpretation of the relationship between science and philosophy. It is believed that philosophy has clarified proposition and the scientific has proved proposition, which have made a great contribution to the scientific philosophy. However in the late process of the development, with constantly revising orthodox views towards logical empiricism in the internal school and challenge from strong opponent that the external "critical rationalism", logical empiricism has come to an end. The pioneer of "Critical rationalism" Karl Popper put forward "scientific theories cannot be confirmed, but can be falsification".This scientific philosophy rationality leads rational principle to a climax again and developed his model structure of scientific knowledge evolution theory. However, fortunately is his "world 3" as the ontology of understanding to highlight positive significance of the human creative activities and knowledge of human civilization, and reflecting the human culture self generation, self development mechanism. All of these remind us to treat science and civilization no longer in a one-dimensional, independent perspective, but taking into account the relatively diverse horizons.Historicalism takes "return to the history of science" as the slogan, through method of anti Whig history, from the perspective of the history to investigate the scientific philosophy. It introduces the "commensurability" and "cultural relativism" to cultural studies of science, changing the traditional scientific view of logical empiricism and critical rationalism. Feyerabend, another representative figure of Historicalism, has made a big criticism of the traditional philosophy of science on the basis of inheritance with its radical ideas. He vigorously promoted "relativism" theory and "irrational" concept, and denied the impassable gap between the natural science and the humanities. He put forward the theory of "anarchism" and "whatever" has become the slogan of post modernism.The postmodern philosopher Lottie has a high praise for this. Definitely, Feyerabend advocated by these typical modern philosophy is nothing more than to let people recognize each other, know how to listen, the philosophy of "pluralism" confirmed the "freedom and equalit y" for the post modernity implication of the humanities, effective coordination with the tension between science and the humanities.In the scientific philosophy to post-modern cultural context, as external inheritance of historicalism of scientific philosophy-----SSK, developed Feyerabend’s many scientific view in a wide range of social and cultural studies means. However, Latour of activism representative figure in SSK on behalf of the construction of the influence of the theory of the sociology and anthropology research into the science study field, making philosophy of science to slip into the deeper and more complicated situation. Especially after follow Feyerabend’s thought with more radical. Therefore, Latour in later "science wars" was scientists the most severe criticism. At this time, SSK in concept of post-modern scientific and cultural of the "Pan culturalism" tendency fall into the plight of the "anti Scientism" and " science and humanities relationship problem".Of course, whether it is a clear situation or a confusing situation, since we need culture, it should not be hated and abandoned after the modern and post-modern culture. "Science war" as a history motion has voluntarily withdraw, but the dialectical relationship between science and the humanities must continue, Marxist scientific theory that based on the theory of "practice" and objective attitude, reasonable method, and and scientific view advance with the times will be an effective approach to solve the "dilemma".The tension of the "two cultures" has developed into a more open space and a higher level with the times.