Winter Habitat Spatial Structure Analysis And Evaluation Of Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus Xanthopygus) In Gaogesitai

Human activities leading to wildlife habitat loss and fragmentation have become the main causes of biodiversity loss and species extinction, and more attention. Winter snow line transect surveys in this study, systematic sampling technique Gaogesitai in Northeast red deer distribution in Inner Mongolia based on remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS), landscape pattern analysis on study areas 1995,2004 and 2014 in three phases of remote sensing image interpretation and analysis in Inner Mongolia national protected area, Gaogesitai land cover and landscape pattern changes. Based on the maximum entropy model, combined with the research area of red deer habitat pattern change for nearly 20 years, based on the assumption that no human disturbance and artificial interference on the North-East of red deer habitat in the study area spatial structure analysis and evaluation, obtained the following results:(1) Red Deer of suitable habitat main distribution Yu research regional North, assumes that no human interference most suitable habitat of area about accounted for Habitat total area of 48.29%; not suitable habitat area accounted for Habitat total area of 51.71%; has human interference most suitable habitat area about accounted for total research regional area of 16.65%; not suitable of Habitat area about accounted for Habitat total area for 83.35%, showed that has human interference Shi, red deer habitat sharply broken of, road and the human activities points serious effect has red deer of survival.(2) Red Deer preference for coniferous forests, hardwood forests and scrub bushes of choice, avoid bare land to swamp selected, along with distance away (0-1500m), the sharp decrease in red deer habitat suitability, but after the 1500m, the greater the distance, increase habitat suitability.(3) 1995-2014, Gaogesitai Hanwula nature reserve number, patch density, mean shape index of greater volatility, are first increase and then decrease and increase smaller gathering; Shannon’s diversity indices increased gradually, the largest patch index decreases. From a landscape view,1995-2014 grass and bare landscape indicators were significantly decreased, which grass and bare ground decreases in the average patch size of 77.79%and 66.49%; forested areas and construction of landscape indices showed increases, which average patch size increased by 212%and 261%respectively; the average patch size increases the 336%of water, the biggest change.(4) Gaogesitai Hanwula nature reserve the main habitats for grassland, woodland and scrub half thickets, about result of protected areas with a total area.1995-2014 dynamic of bare land and bare land only with an increase in forest area, including bare land has an area of 159km2, an increase of 99.73km2 of forest land. In contrast, grassland, scrub and a half Bush, water and built-up land area there has been a decrease, dynamics of the water body’s largest, reduced 8.07km2.1995-2014 Gaogesitai Hanwula nature reserve area of grassland conversion up to 364.33km2, mainly into woodland 129.27km2, followed by conversion to bare 119.84km2, scrub and a half into the bushes 112.57k m2. Woodland mainly half into thickets of bushes and grass area of 70.14km2 and 44.54km2, respectively. Scrub and semi shrubs into woodland, mainly grassland and bare land, an area of 100.02km2,60.65km2 and 26.945km2, respectively. In addition, bare land mainly consists of grasslands and scrub came half a Bush transition, respectively 119.845km2 and 26.945km2.(5) The reserve landscape pattern change in nearly 20 years 1995-2014 analysis of red deer habitat pattern change that 1995-2004 protected areas the main land-cover types and landscape indices reducing the main periods, vary from 2004-2014 is relatively stable. Protected areas in the case of grassland degradation of large areas, red deer preferred forest area remained to 1995 levels. Description with the reserve level of promotion and protection and management of strengthening, effectively slowing the protected woodland, scrub and a half Bush’s degradation. For effective protection red deer population resources, wildlife management sector should scientific management forest within of collection activities, to will on red deer of adverse effect reduction to minimum, avoid quality Habitat due to human of interference and of continues to lost; local forestry sector should attention wildlife resources management, improve biological diversity, improved red deer of survival environment, and to strictly legal management, strongly completely combat poaching stolen hunting behavior; wildlife management sector should attention habitat broken of status, Reducing the segmentation of roads and residential areas on red deer populations, maintain the integrity of red deer habitat.