The Diversity And Complexity Of Bird Community Of Western Hills And Ditan Park In Beijing

This study selected Jingfu Temple Forest Zone in Western Hills and Ditan Park in metropolitan center in Beijing to compare and contrast the difference of avian community structure along urban expansion axis, and analyze the dynamics of bird community’s diversity and complexity in spatial and temporal scale. By comparing with the Shannon-Weiner index, the study put forward the diversity and complexity index, and also explored their influence factors. This thesis innovatively applied complexity theory and methods to bird community study,which had some ecological significance.According to environmental factors, this research divided the study areas into different habitats to investigate the bird community with line transect and point-count method, the main result is as follows:1. From Jan.2014 to Mar.2015, a total of 67 species from 26 families and 7 orders was recorded in Western Hills Forest, which 2 species was added,1 family and 1 order was decreased by comparing with the data of 2011 to 2012. Song birds are dominant, which compose 69%, followed by raptors, terrestores are the least. The bird community was mainly composed of avifauna, accounting for 61%, followed by oriental and widespread species, accounting for 27% and 12%. There are 7 dominant birds, which are magpie, great tit, jungle crow, azure-winged magpie, red-billed blue magpie, vinous-throated parrotbill. The study recorded 10 species under Class Ⅱ protected wildlife of China,6 species under first degree of provincial protection and 24 species under second degree of provincial protection in Beijing and 26 beneficial species with economic and scientific research values. In Deciduous broad leaved forest, the total complexity, disordered complexity and Shannon-Weiner diversity was the highest, the community was the most stable one, the structure complexity was the highest in coniferous forest, while the complexity and diversity was the lowest in mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, which had the lowest similarity with deciduous broad leaved forest.2. From Jan.2013 to Mar.2015, a total of 43 species from 20 families and 7 orders was recorded in Ditan Park. Comparing with the data of 2011 to 2012,7 species,1 family and 1 order was added. In Ditan Park, song birds are dominant, followed by Scansores. The bird community was mainly composed of avifauna, accounting for 61%, followed by widespread and oriental species, accounting for 23% and 16%. Residents and summer migrants are the most among the total, accounting for 44.1% and 23.3%. There are 5 dominant birds. The study recorded 1 species under Class Ⅱ protected wildlife of China,8 species under first degree of provincial protection and 15 species under second degree of provincial protection in Beijing and 27 beneficial species with economic and scientific research values. The richness was the highest in spring and autumn, abundance was the highest in autumn, while lowest in spring. In spring and autumn, the bird community structure was the least stable. Based on habitat factors, the park was divided into 5 regions. The richness and evenness were highest in Region One, the nursery; while Region Two, the arborvitae forest had the lowest richness, the highest abundance and dominance; Region Five had relatively lower diversity because of the human disturbance. The similarity between the bird community of Region Two and Region Five was the lowest.3. The study testified that Richness index, dominance index, evenness index composed the main factors of community total complexity L(S), disorder complexity H12 and the Shannon-Weiner index Hi. The total complexity, disorder complexity and the Shannon-Weiner index increased along with richness and evenness, and decreased with the increase of dominance.4. The study testified that Richness index, dominance index and the Shannon-Weiner index composed the main factors of the structural complexity. Among which the richness has significant positive correlation with the structural complexity. The structural complexity increased with richness, and decrease with the increase of dominance.5. In this study, the correlation coefficient between the Shannon-Weiner index and total complexity was nearly 1, so total complexity can be deeply influenced by the Shannon-Weiner index. However, structural complexity and disordered complexity are independent and show no significant correlation with each other. The structural complexity cannot be measured by disorder complexity, while it can be measured by the difference value between total complexity and disordered complexity.6. In this study, the total complexity is determined by disordered complexity and structural complexity, while the former contributes more to total complexity.