Dynamics And Driving Forces Of Landscapes In Mu Us Sandy Land In Inner Mongolia

Mu Us Sandland is located in arid and semiarid regions in northern China, is a typical Ecotone. Nearly years, in the process of economic development in Ordos, explioting mineral resources and irrational using water resources, as a result of vegetation degradation and land desertification. Since the 1990s, the "Three-north Forest Protection Project", "Soil and water conservation project" and "Green for Grain Project" were carried out, the landscape pattern were changed. In this paper, based on GIS technology, study the landscape pattern changed characteristics of Mu Us Sandland Landuse in 25 years(1990、1995、 2002、2008 and 2014). Using Transfer Matrix model, analysis the landscape pattern dynamics, combined with landscape metrics model to analysising the advantaged landscape (including fixed sandy land, semi-fixed sand, the shifting sandy sand, low-wet land and water land) fragmentation process in 25 years. Analysis the effects of landscape pattern changed process, the main conclusions:(1) Study the land use and landscape pattern changed characteristics of Mu Us Sandy Land in 25 years. The area of fixed sandy land extended 7.5%, semi-fixed sandy land increased 3.8%, shifting sandy area reduced 42.95%. Fixed sandy land mainly by semi-fixed sandy land and shifting sandy land changed from; increased semi-fixed sandy land mainly by shifting sandy land and fixed sandy land changed from; the reduced shifting sandy land mainly changed into fixed and semi-fixed sandy land.(2) The fixed sandy land and semi-fixed sandy land showing a trend of fragmentation; shifting sandy land showing obvious fragmentation; the patch shape were regular; the low-wet land and water land fragmented in a small extent, but effected by the human activities and natural factors, patch edge presenting complicated.(3) Compared with the natural factors, the human factors influenced the landscape pattern were more rapidly. The factors of GDP、Population、 Grazing、Cultivated land area、Per-capita net income、Agricutural gross output Value were significantly correlated to the all kinds of landscape changes.(4) Due to Desertification Control、Green for Grain Project、rest grazing and no grazing in Inner Mongolia since 2000, as well as China’s "Three-north Forest Protection Project", afforestation of aerial seeding and other restoration policy. After a series of ecological restoration measures were carried out, the shifting sandy land area greatly reduced, Mu Us Sandland environment improved significantly.