Analysis On Landscape Pattern Of Land-use And Driving Forces In Changli Gold Coast National Nature Reserve

The marine and coastal ecosystems consist of seven types in China, which contain tidal flat and coastal ecosystem, estuarine ecosystem, estuary and coastal wetland ecosystem, mangrove ecosystem, coral reef ecosystem, island ecosystem, and oceanic ecosystem. Due to the impact of human activities, some of these marine and coastal ecosystems have suffered extensive damage, which caused a series of resources and ecological environment problems. Recently the domestic research on the tidal flat and coastal ecosystem, estuarine ecosystem, estuary and coastal wetland ecosystem landscape pattern change and driving force has been developed, that are coastal zone, estuarine wetland and coastal wetland’s research, however, the study about marine and coastal ecosystems was relatively less. Changli Gold Coast national nature reserve, the most significant representative and the best preserved of integrated marine and coastal ecosystems in the north of China, has higher scientific research value.The land field of the national natural reserve is the object of the study. The vector data of the land were obtained from the remote sensing images interpretation made in 1991,2000 and 2010 by RS and GIS spatial analysis. A quantitative research on the landscape pattern from the year 1991 to 2010 was made in two areas of Changli Gold Coast national nature reserve through selecting the landscape pattern index. The calculation formulas are simple and also have clear ecological significance, which could be capable of reflecting characteristics of heterogeneity from different angles, combining transfer matrix of land use and landscape analysis software (FRAGSTATS 3.4). Based on statistical yearbook data and field surveys, data collection, were judged influence the study area landscape pattern of land-use change to the driving of natural factors and human factors. With that basis, analysis of the study area landscape pattern of land-use change on Changli Gold Coast national nature reserve protect the influence of the object, and finally put forward Changli Gold Coast national nature reserve sustainable development and utilization of advice, so as to the area of land management decision, ecological environment protection and lay the foundation for the further research, social harmony and economic sustainable development and provide scientific basis for decision-making.The following are the results of the research:(1) Looking from the dynamic change of land utilization, the study of various land use type changed significantly. Cultivated land, forest land, grassland and waters and water conservancy facilities land area were downward trend, and commercial land, industrial warehouse land, etc. were on the rise in the northern part of the study area. Grassland and waters and water conservancy facilities land area were declining, on the other hand, cultivated land, forest land, other land, etc. were on the rise in the southern part of the study area. The largest area which has been transferred was grassland, to 2862.87 hm2; second, waters and water conservancy facilities land were in the second place, to 533.50 hm2. The largest area of land use type that has been transferred in were the other land, to 1871.52 hm2,889.14 hm2 has been transferred into the forest land which was in the second place.(2) Changing of landscape pattern characteristic showed that:the northern area of the landscape types of spatial connectivity was inconspicuous, becoming scattered; the landscape diversity, evenness index, landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation degree were increased. The impact of human activities, each patch type was balanced show in the landscape pattern of development. The southern area of the landscape types of spatial connectivity was enhanced, patches reunion degree were high; the landscape diversity, evenness index and landscape heterogeneity were declined; the landscape continuity was high, fragmentation degree were declined. The impact of human activities, each patch type was polarized show in the landscape pattern of development.(3) Natural factors and human factors were the two main factors that caused landscape pattern change such as climate, physiognomy, soil, hydrology, population, economy and policy. Among them, human driving factors are the motive power to exploit the landscape pattern such as fishery production, tourism development and ecological construction.(4) The impact of the landscape pattern of land-use change has on protection objects were as follows:the coastal dunes degenerate, tend to semifixed sand dune. The entire ecosystem of the Qilihai lagoons stability was reduced, and become a high vulnerability ecosystem. The beaches were decrease with different degrees. The slope was increased. With the coastal shelter belts fragmentation, the lots of trees were died. The Luanhe estuarine wetland was invaded and occupied large of the high tide mud flats, causing the offshore bar to land erosion. The habitat environment of birds was changed, causing the composition and structure of birds changed. Amphioxus habitat was affected, and inhabits density and biomass declined year by year.(5) With the affection of landscape pattern change on production, we should take effective measures to protect and restore. We also need to take measures for scientific management and development exploit to ecological tourism activities. Perfect the laws and regulations are also necessary to make the protection and utilization effective. At the same time, government should establish special policy to improve the capability of self-development.