| Provisioning service of ecosystem provide material basis for living normal life activities, and delivery of basic conditions for normal play of various ecosystem services. Provisioning service is that is often the most easily accepted and approved by people, and can be exchanged and reflect the economic value of service by means of direct access to the process of production and consumption,. Research on the supply of ecosystem services have important theoratical value and practical significance, not only related to the sustainable development of regional economy and society, but also to the normal operation of the material circulation and energy flows to ecosystem.As a national nature reserve of grassland ecosystem, the Xilin river basin is China’s only "man and biosphere" research base, and it can reflect ecosystem structure, types and functions of the grassland in Inner Mongolia comprehensively carring out our research on ecosystem provision services. Considering Xilin river basin as the research object, this paper estimates the amount of sustances and magnitude of value from provision services of ecosystem such as grassland, forest, farmland and water in Xilin river basin via collecting remote sensing data and field survey quadrat of grasslands,and relavant data including forest growth and fresh water supply in the study area in 2014, with help of platform of ARCGIS and ENVI software. Among them, the provision of forages, animal by-products, and forest products, are selected as evaluation index from grass yield, grazing hteoratical and actual capacity, and forest biomass on the basis of forest growing stock respectively. Meanwhile, farmland production carry calculation on grain yield data during many years, incorporation of remote sensing image in 2014, and amount of fresh water supply conduct estimation from output in towns and pastoral areas in the basin for many years. The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)The models of estimating yield of grassland have been built by means of regression analysis between data of dry and fresh weight from quadrats,and the contemporaneous vegetation index NDVI and EVI. After testing precision of optimal model, yield of grassland can be inverted for estimating biomass aboveground. Results show that model based on the ralationship between dry weight of the grassland data and NDVI vegetation index has optimal simulation one; In July 2014, the yield of grassland in Xilin river basin is 1262736t, the average yield is 105374 kg/km2. The vegetation index, coverage, and yield are all increased gradually from northwest to southeast in space distribution patterns.(2) Appplying of yield of grass and dai intake for livestock, the grassland livestock capacity can be estimated in 2014. The results showed that the grazing capacity in warm-season is 786256 units of the sheep, and the rate of stocking capacity in cool-season is 471744 units of the sheep, the year of theoratical capacity is 572052 units of sheep, but the actual livestock capacity was 966542 units of the sheep, the overload rate was 68.96%.(3) Biomass of forest of Xilin River Basin can be estimated getting through the research findings from predecessors, combined with forest resources inventory data of Xilinhot City in 2009. results indicate that, the forest in Xilin River Basin can be divided into forest land and open woodland, and the forest land include pure forest and mixed stand. Biomass of trunks, branches and leaves of forests are 539.06m, 440.29m and 43.47m respectively in the Xilin River Basin. The varieties of wildwood include, and sparsewood of Ulmus pumila. Forest of white birch and populus davidiana distribute in Baiyinxile Natural Conservation Area, the sparse trees vegetate in Hunshandake Sandy land, where as, the artificial forest are mainly planted in the areas surrounding the cities and settlement across rural and pastoral area.(4) The main crops varieties is wheat, potatoes, and rapeseed in Xilin river basin, adjacenting to peri-urban area and surrounding settlement. Calculating crop output can be estimated making use of total yield and sown area of grain every year, combined with the map of landuse of Xilin river basin in 2014. The total output of wheat, potatoes, and rapeseed were 17120.73 t,29176.24 t and 1754.25 t sepatately; The straw resources of wheat in the Xilin River Basin was 13400t.(5) The provision of fresh water mainly concentrated in the farmland irrigation, industrial consumption and domestic water, however, the ecological water consumption is less. The total supply of fresh water is about 0.7162 x 109 m3 in Xilin river, in 2014.(6) The total economic value of the provision services from ecosystem of grassland, annmal husbandry, forest, cropland and freshwater are RMB of 152 X 106,43.26 X 106,5950.33 X 106,6.8 X 106 and 250.62 X 106, relatively, and the total economic value is RMB of 454.9 X 106 in the 2014 in the Xilin River basin... |
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