| The Ma Yang River National Rature Reserve is a kind of protecting wildlife nature reserve. Its establishment is to protect the national key protected wild animal Presbeyeis francoisi and its habitats. The Ma Yang River National Rature Reserve is situated in the northern yanhe Tu jia Minority Autonmous County. The reserve with an area or 4308 ha. The reserve is divided into two parts: The Ma Yang River valley and Hongdu vally. The water level of protection region’s Ma Yang River and Hong Du river rise that led to a large area of river wetland as the water backflow because of the Wu Jiang trunk stream’s Peng hydropower station. Then the protection area becomes the Gui Zhou’s largest protection area which is river wetland type. Because of its unique geographical location factors such as environment and soil conditions, the plant resources have their own distinct characteristics. The fern which is called "no flowers beauty" not only has ornamental value, but also can be used as food, medicine, indicator plants and so on values. Therefore, it provided valuable data and references for the ecological protection and exploitation of the region that to understand the distribution characteristics of this protection region’s ferns. It elegant and refined, its leaf color is between green and white, and the ecological adaptability of diversity and shadow patience, those lead it to be the today world ornamental plant’s bright younger generation. along with the increasing demands to ferns, the natural reproduction of these relative ferns can hardly meet our demands. So,it will have a lot of important values to study the tissue culture,rapid propagation and gametophyte of ferns. The values will indicate in these fields, for example, the exploitation and uses,the germ-plasm protection,the species identification,the familyclassification and origin,the evolution and ecology distribution and so on for ferns.This article mainly contains three major sections,as follows:The first section studies the characteristics of the Ma Yang Ma Yang River National Rature Reserve pteridophyte flora was analyzed. Preliminary studies are made to the geographical features of pteridphyte in this reserve, on the basis of field investigation, specimen and documents and materials, and the result shows that:1) 24 families, 57 genera and 158 species(containing the taxonomic unit below the species)of pteridophyte in Badashan region of Pan County were involved;2) There are some dominant families have 111 species, including Dryopteridaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae, Adiantaceae, Athyriaceae, and account for 70.25% of the whole species. The dominant genera including Pteris, Polystichum. Asplenium, Adiantum, Cyrtomium, Selaginella and so on;3) The type of pteridoflora was complicated. On the level of family and genera, they are tropical distribution type with pantropical distributions. In this area, the pteridophyte which accounting for 68.99% in the total species had significant temperate property, the temperate species occupied an absolute advantage. Among them, 105 species were the East-Asia species, accounting for 66.46%, it reflected that the pteridophyte in the Ma Yang Ma Yang River National Rature Reserve belonged to the East-Asia distribution.4) As the same as the most areas in Guizhou province, the Ma Yang Ma Yang River National Rature Reserve located in transition section, a large part of genera(50.0%)contained only one species, suggesting that the pteridophyte in this area had transitivity;5) The ecotype of fern resources in this area is adundant, which has high value in exploitation and utilization.The second section studies conservations of ferns in Ma Yang Ma Yang River National Rature Reserve. In this paper, 19 ornamental ferns, growth characteristics were observed. shelter. They are Neolepisorus ovatus, Nephrolepis auriculata, Neottopteris nidus, Cyrtomium fortune, Selaginella kraussiana, Lepisorus macrosphaerus, Pyrrosia calvata, Adiantum capillusveneris, C. caryotideum, C. macrophyllum, Polystichum deltodon, Microsorum henryi, Colysis henryi, Pyrrosia sheareri, Pteris henryi, P. fauriei, N. ovatus f. doryopteris, Pronephrium penangianum,Angiopteris fokiensis. Most of them are evergreen and can overwinter and oversummer safely in Guiyang.N. auriculata, A. capillusveneris and P. Deltodon can germinate throughout all year; another pteridophytes germinate in spring and autumn.No sori are found on S. kraussiana and A. fokiensis.Using stout and tender stem segment of P. sheareri、P. calvata、N. nidus、M. henryi、N. ovatus as explants for tissue culture. Obtain the most cost-effective method of disinfection with 75% alcohol soaked 5 ", sterile water three times, with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution continues to disinfect 5 ’, then rinsed several times with sterile water or an alternate vaccination. With leaves for tissue culture experiments explants, P. calvata、N. nidus、N. ovatus,s dedifferentiation poor shield fern, 70 d after culture gradually browning, until death, only the southern star fern in the MS + NH4H2PO4 200 mg ? L-1 + KT 2mg ? L-1 + 2,4-D 2mg ? L-1 and MS + NH4H2PO4 200 mg ? L-1 + KT 4mg ? L-1 + 2,4-D 3mg ? L-1 medium, a small amount of green spherical tissue occured.The third section shows that: Epidermal micromorphology of 20 species ferns leaves from different families and genera were observed by optical microscope.The results showed that: different appendages exist in different leaves surface,those species have no appendage.There are four stomatal apparatus types: Polocytic type, Copolocytic type, Anomocytic type and Axillocytic type. The stomatal apparatus have multi-type phenomena,all the stomata are hypostomatic types,while their distributive modes and sizes also varies.The leaf epidermal cell micromorphology from different genera and families show certain differences, basically have irregular type,multilateral type or regular strip type.The leaf epidermal cell anticlinal walls are mainly corrugated,deep wavy or wavy.The results in this study provide basic references for systematics and evolution of ferns. |
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