Tyrosine Induces Anthocyanin Biosynthesis In Arabidopsis

Tyrosine is a amino acids which is not necessary to human. In animals, Tyrosine degraded in sequences to form melanin, which play an important role against UV damage. In addition, Tyrosine is closely related to amino acid metabolism, cancer and tumor development. In plants, anthocyanins play an important role in disease resistance, adversity, breeding and other aspects. To understand the role of Tyrosine in plants, we use Arabidopsis as materials to study the influence of tyrosine to anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. The results showed that:(1) Tyrosine can induce anthocyanins biosynthesis, exogenous tyrosine could effectively induce anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. Moreover, the influence of Tyrosine to anthocyanin accumulation is dose dependent.(2) Tyrosine influence anthocyanin accumulation mainly by regulating the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis downstream genes. The expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis upstream genes PAL, CHI and CHS were slightly up-regulated in the Arabidopsis grown on Medium supplemented with tyrosine. However, the expression of DFR, LODX, UF3GTwere significantly up-regulated.(3) Tyrosine can up-regulated the expression of PAP1, PAP2, GL3, EGL3, TTG1, which are members of the MYB-bHLH-WD40transcription factor complex, moreover, the expression of PAP1induced by tyrosine is the highest among them.(4) Tyrosine induced anthocyanins depends on sugar. Without sugar, tyrosine could not induce anthocyanin accumulation.(5) Tyrosine degradation defects lead to reduce the effect of tyrosine to anthocyanin accumulation. In the tyrosine degradation deficient mutants fah, the anthocyanin accumulation was significantly reduced when the exogenously tyrosine added.