Evaluation And Sustainable Development Of Shallow Groundwater In River Ants Of Shangzhi City(Changshou-Hebei Section)

The study area is located at the upstream of River Ants, southeast ofHeilongjiang province. For Shangzhi city in the study area, groundwateris the main source of water supply. Due to population growth, economicdevelopment, water quality deterioration, the contradiction between waterresource and water demand is obvious and water supply is inadequate.Therefore, the aim of the study is to evaluate the water source andprovide a sustainable and scientifically sound development plan.In the thesis, a3D geological model was constructed and the stratawere displayed and analyzed; the conceptual model and mathmatic modelwas were built based on the geological and hydrogeological conditions;the change of the ground water level was simulated using GMS softwarethe exploitable groundwater was calculated by groundwater budgetmethods to assess its exploitable capacity; and finally the groundwaterlevel in the next20years is predictive and analyzed. According to thelong-term monitoring data of groundwater, the trend of water levelchange was summarized, and hydrochemistry type and characteristic wasalso analyzed. The groundwater quality is assessed using comprehensivemethods. Sustainable exploitation plan and measures of groundwaterprotection are provided according to the practical condition.The main results are as followsing:(1) The3D geological model was constructed. The unconfinedaquifer was mainly distributed in the floodplain area and first terrace, andconsisted of Holocene and upper Pleistocene sands and gravels. Theaquifer was distributed in wavy terraces and consisted of middle Pleistocene sands and gravels. According to the long-term monitoringdata of groundwater, phreatic water was supplied by rainfall and lateralflow and drained by exploitation, evaporation and lateral flow. On theother hand, the confined water was mainly supplied by lateral flow, anddrained by exploitation and lateral flow.(2) The main groundwater chemical types are HCO3-Ca and Mg.Leaching and human activity are the main factors affecting the chemicalcomposition of phreatic water and confined water. Due to agriculturalfertilizer use, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage discharge andformation source etc., some ions such as iron, manganese, fluoride,cyanide and volatile phenol exceeded the maximal allowableconcentration. The groundwater could be classified as drinking watersource and the quality was basically II type.(3) In the model identification,98.49％of all tested grid point is0.5m less than of the practical water level. With model calibration,89.52％of all tested grid point calibration is0.5m less than the practical waterlevel. The simulation result was reasonable. During the simulation, thewhole supply volume was325.5104m3，the whole drained volume is344.29104m3，the difference is-18.79104m3，in the negativebalance state. The phreatic water was supplied by rainfall, irrigation andlateral flow, and drained by evaporation and human exploitation.(4) The allowable exploitation volume at present was predicted as-18.79104m3. The allowable capacity cannot satisfy the water demand,if the exploitation volume per year is the same asthe current rate.(5) The results showed that if exploitation volume was increased,groundwater level abruptly depressed, and the cone of depressioncoulddevelop, which might trigger severe ecological and environmentalproblems, such as desert and salinization. And a sustainable development mining of Realizing the Water Resources for the region， must be basedsustainable development as the guiding ideology，to establish a soundallocation of water resources system.(6) The potential rational exploitation, utilization, and protectionmeasures of groundwater resources could be: optimizing exploitationlayout, surface water diversion, renovation of pollution sources, andbuilding dynamic monitoring network of groundwater level and waterquality.