The Research Of Winter Habitat Selection By Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus Xanthopygus) And Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus) In Huangnihe Nature Reserve

The protection of wildlife is crucial to the sustainable utilization of natural resources of ourcountry.Red deer(Cervus elaphus) and roe deer(Capreolus capreolus) are important wildlife inChina,Red deer belongs to NationalⅡlevel to protect wildlife,Roe deer has been included in thenational conservation of beneficial or important economic,scientific research value wildlifelist.In the wild red deer and roe deer are food resources for large carnivorous animals for tiger(Panthera tigris),leopard(Panthera pardus),can predict their distribution.The main purpose ofthis research is the two winter periods by mechanical points and randomly set line method inHuangnihe National Nature Reserve in2012and2013,set up30lines of the total length are180.6km.The first winter survey of63red deer by using quadrats and109control quadrats,56roe deer by using quadrats and56control quadrats.The second winter of47red deer by usingquadrats and106control quadrats,32roe deer by using quadrats and46controlquadrats.Analysis and measured13ecological factors of the altitude,forest type,shelteringclass,canopy,food abundance,distance far from human disturbance,slope gradient,slopedirection,slope location,thickets coveragesnow depth,bare roce of habitat selection by red deerand roe deer in the Winter. Through the analysis of the ecological factors during the two winterchanges,so as to analyze the differences of winter habitat selection in the using quadrats andcontrol quadrats of red deer and roe deer,The results are as follows:Chi square test and Mann-Whitey U test showed: the measured13ecological factors canacquire stability in Huangnihe Nature Reserve during the winter of2012and2013.Chi square test and Mann-Whitey U test showed: red deer selects the mixedbroadleaf-conifer forest of the relatively high altitude,light snow,food rich,sheltering class andcanopy medium,distance far from human disturbance far habitat in the winter.The principal component analysis of various ecological factors showed:the cumulativecontribution of the first5principal components reached to92.707%.It can illustrate habitatcharacteristics of red deer in winter.While calculating the transposed matrix coefficients of eachfactor and according to the load coefficient of absolute value of each variable(>0.6) to determineforest type,food abundance, thickets coverage,snow depth,distance far from human disturbanceis the main factor of habitat selection by red deer in winter.Chi square test and Mann-Whitey U test showed: roe deer selects coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest habitat of altitude medium,light snow,food rich,sheltering class and canopymedium,the top of sunny slop of during the winter. The principal component analysis of various ecological factors showed:the cumulativecontribution of the first5principal components reached to93.824%.it can illustrate habitatcharacteristics of red deer in the winter and according to the load coefficient of absolute value ofeach variable(>0.6) to determinethe altitude,forest type,food abundance,sheltering class,canopyis the main factor of habitat selection by roe deer in winter.