The Theory And Application Of Infrared Spectroscopy On Urine Components Detection

Urine Detection is one of the three main clinical examination, which is painless and easily. Changes in urine composition can reflect not only the lesions of reproductive system of the human, but also some diseases with liver, or metabolic ones. It is of great value for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring work. For example, diagnosing diabetes with the clinical urine detection; preventing some occupational diseases according to the heavy metal elements of the urine content; observing the treatment of the inflammation of urinary system for patients, such as urinary stone and other disorders. Therefore, it is of great significance for human health, medical diagnosis and clinical analysis.There is a great value in spectral analysis of urine composition, which increasingly concerned by scientific researchers worldwide. Spectroscopy of the major components of urine, such as glucose, albumin, urea, uric acid, creatinine and creatine, is an important clinical application and not only has gradually becoming the great potential of the tool of the analytical field, but also a green analysis that fast, accurate, no reagents, no damage to the sample. Spectral analysis of urine composition can achieve the required of clinical analysis- fast getting the test results, while can also reduce the testing costs, improve quality and safety performance of diagnose.For this paper, the aim is to study the theory of infrared spectroscopy of biochemical components in urine, to construct the circuit devices using the knowledge of basic theory of infrared spectroscopy combined with modern electronic technology, to test glucose, protein constituents of urine fast, efficiently, economically, with no dipstick, no reagents. During working on the thesis, I made the following major outcomes:a) Analyze the status quo and methods of urine composition detection, as well as applications of near-infrared, mid-infrared spectroscopy in the clinical detection field. Learn the fundamental principles and data analysis methods of infrared spectroscopy, and better understand Lambert - Beer law and the best optical path length theory. b) Has completed the preliminary exploration of the near-infrared, mid-infrared spectroscopy techniques for the detection of urine components, analyzed the feasibility and superiority of the technologic applications and determined the best optimum conditions of the experimental design. Made out the urine composition measurement techniques based on spectroscopy experiments, forming the overall construction- a simple, operational portable instrument, and also completed its major systems component design, circuit layout, circuit testing work. Also optimized its function and the technical specifications to ensure the circuit stability, accuracy and rapid, as well as improved its anti-interference ability. c) The contents of this paper has been reviewed and analyzed constantly, to confirm the validity and relevance with infrared spectroscopy of the work. By summarizing the key information and technological advantages, has planned to make a reasonable arrangement for the further work.In the process of exploration, the practical application has continuous improved. I also discovered the key points of using infrared spectroscopy techniques to detect urine components, and summarized as follows, as the main direction for future work: a) Urine is a multi-component complex system, and the characteristic absorption bands of the main components often exist overlapping areas, as well as water absorption is extremely strong around some bands. As a result, the accessible effective information of this detection is relatively low, which most influences the data analysis of single-chip. It will not recognize the urine composition that in a characteristic absorption band. So, I have recognized that: the actual testing must be to determine the best measurement conditions, be able to ensure an accurate measurement results. Therefore, it is will be a long-term and challenging work.b) In this experiment, in order to effectively get the information of samples, we must take into account the design of optical structure- compact, closed and integrity to ensure that the signal detector receives the information of infrared spectrum to achieve the best result. So, we should try to reduce the interference of other equipments, which include the major critical light source, optical alignment system, reasonable choice of the container materials of the sample, and the best optical path length, etc. In addition, the choice of electronic components must be considered the requirements and objectives of the work, as far as possible to achieve portability and practicality purposes. The hardware layout of the circuit must be reasonably conducted to avoid mutual interference of the circuit module and external electromagnetic noise, to improve signal to noise ratio of the circuit.