Researches On Methods Of Data Aggregation In WSN Bases On Ant Colony Algorithm

Technologies are advancing speedly, such as microelectronic technology, computer technology and wireless communications, promoting a low-power multi-functional sensor's rapid development, so that it can integrate many functions within a tiny volume, such as information collection, data processing, wireless communication and so on. Wireless sensor network is composed of a large number of low-cost micro-sensor nodes which are deployed in the monitoring region. The resources of sensor network node are very limited, mainly reflected in several areas, such as the battery energy, processing power, storage capacity and communications bandwidth and so on. In the process of gathering information, if the data is transmitted separately in each node, it is not only waste communication bandwidth and energy, but also reduces the efficiency of gathering information. In order to avoid these problems, the data fusion technology is used in sensor network in the course of work. Data fusion is a process, in which more data information is combined to make more effective and more requirements with user. Data fusion plays an important role in wireless sensor network, mainly in three aspects:save energy in the entire network, enhance the accuracy of data collection and improve the efficiency of data collection.The volume of wireless sensor network node is very small. It usually carries very limited battery power. Because the number of sensor nodes is many, the cost requests inexpensive, the distribution area is broad, and the environment of deployment region is complex, moreover people can not reach in some region. Therefore, it is unrealistic that sensor nodes supplemented in the manner of replacing the battery. The primary challenge in the sensor network is how to use the energy efficient to maximize the network life cycle.In response to these above problems, this paper mainly to study data fusion methods based on ant colony algorithm, from the perspective of saving the wireless sensor network's energy. The main methods of wireless sensor network data fusion are application layer data fusion, network layer data fusion, and independent data fusion protocol and so on. Most of the existing data fusion researches are focused on network layer. But the center aggregation is in view of the trigger for event-driven; it is the main algorithm in network layer data fusion.Center aggregation algorithm is composed by four sections:the establishment of level gradient field, find the center of the incident area, establish data aggregation trees and reporting data packets. Building gradient field is a node-centric use of Sink flooding method of outward spread of a gradient. In the process of establishment the level gradient field, the source node flooding detection and broadcast packets periodically, reducing the network's performance. We will apply the ant colony algorithm in the building gradient field, improved ant colony algorithm is proposed based on the center of fusion algorithm. ChapterⅤanalyses the Matlab simulation of the improved algorithm. Simulation results show that the center aggregation method based on ant colony algorithm can significantly reduce the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks, and prolong the lifecycle of wireless sensor networks.