Designing Energy Balancing Routing Protocol In Wireless Sensor Networks

As a new technique for implementing "Pervasive Computing", wireless sensor network, that combines the technique of sensor, information processing and wireless communication, not only motivates a series of application, but also brings new demand and challenge in technique. While the energy of node is supplied by battery so that the node will not function if it's energy is exhausted. That restricts the application of existing wireless network routing protocol in wireless sensor network. Therefore we emphasize in designing reasonable routing protocol to realize the efficient use of the energy and balanced energy consumption of the sensor nodes in order to enhance the lifetime of the network.This thesis first introduces the basic concept, architecture and main features of wireless sensor network, and then analyses power consumption situation of nodes and the strategy of energy balancing in the network. Then we propose an energy balanced Leaping-Based Routing algorithm (LBR) and Improved Leaping-Based Routing algorithm (ILBR), aiming at such drawbacks in existing routing protocols as local high energy consumption in network and short lifetime.In LBR algorithm, nodes transmit data in a height-diminishing path. During the transmission process, nodes with more energy can transmit data across several high levels, which reduces the transmission of nodes with less power, and balances energy consumption of nodes in the network. According to the simulation results, routes established in this algorithm improve the load balancing and prolong the lifetime of the network.Nodes may choose nodes far away with similar height to transmit data in LBR, which increases the total power consumption in the transmitting process and decreases the lifetime of the network. In ILBR, nodes choose transmission nodes according to the distance between them instead of height difference. The simulation's results illustrate that, in comparison with LBR, ILBR further balances power consumption of nodes as well as diminishing the total power consumption in the network. Whether the energy consumption of nodes is uniform or not is an important indiactor of the measurement of a routing protocol in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a Leaping-Based Routing algorithm which balances the energy consumption of nodes by adaptively adjusting the distance from which data is sent, which effectively improves the efficiency of energy utilization of nodes. It is valuable to the relational research in wireless sensor networks.