Research Of SPIN Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has broad application prospects. Routing protocols which are the key technology of WSN have become one of the focuses of research. Due to the characteristics of application environment for WSN and the sensor nodes that have limited energy, the primary aim of design for routing protocol in wireless sensor networks is to improve the energy efficiency of nodes and to prolong lifetime of the whole network. Based on the research of WSN, this thesis proposes E-SPIN (Energy-SPIN) routing protocol on the basis of SPIN (Sensor Protocol for Information via Negotiation) with the problem of "forward blindly" and so on.SPIN uses the negotiation and resource-adaptation to solve the implosion and overlap problems of traditional routing protocols and avoids using resource blindly. However, SPIN routing protocol has a problem of "forward blindly".when the source node broadcasts ADV (advertisement) directly, it doesn't consider that multiple neighbor nodes with sufficient energy are willing to be the role of transmitting data. Moreover, SPIN routing protocol has another problem of "data-unreachable" owing to energy of the nodes being under the threshold or neighbor nodes being uninterested in data around the source node.For "forward blindly" problem, E-SPIN proposes a solution which chooses the neighbor node to forward data according to the principle of the energy priority. E-SPIN routing protocol solves the problem of "data-unreachable" through forcing to disseminate data with a fixed time period. And the node which has not sent response message in predetermined time is deleted from the neighbor's list. And this thesis also gives an effective method of recording path and returning one hop to solve the problem of routing loop. E-SPIN routing protocol can balance sensor nodes' energy consumption and prolong lifetime of WSN through the solution of "forward blindly". However, the SPIN that has been designed for ideal lossless networks doesn't consider the loss of packets in the actual networks. In order to make E-SPIN apply to lossy networks, this thesis adds the mechanism of retransmission and acknowledgement based on E-SPIN.This design uses VC platform to build the emluator. The simulation about the performance of E-SPIN is carried out in lossless and lossy networks. The result shows that E-SPIN saves energy and prolongs lifetime of the whole network compared to SPIN.