Energy Balance Among Nodes With Middlewares In Wireless Sensor Networks

Recent advances in wireless communications and electronics have enabled the development of low-cost, low-power, multifunctional sensor nodes that are small in size and communicate untethered in short distances. These tiny sensor nodes, which consist of sensing, data processing, and communicating components, leverage the idea of sensor networks.Over the past few years significant research has been done on wireless sensor networks; the main focus was on the protocols and it has led to many new protocols specifically designed for sensor networks where energy awareness is an essential consideration. Most of the attention, however, has been given to the routing protocols since they might differ depending on the application and network architecture. Although a lot of routing protocols have been proposed and are characterized according to their different applications but still with the rapid advancement in this field and with the ever growing needs, we are still lacking behind.In this thesis we have investigated the issues and challenges that we are facing in order to increase the efficiency of routing. Our proposed approach provides a novel routing algorithm for energy balance in wireless sensor networks. We have thoroughly reviewed the existing routing protocols presented in the literature and have found out their pros and cons. After reviewing the positives and the negatives we have proposed our energy efficient routing algorithm.Further, as the new generation of applications is emerging, it requires new programming paradigms. With the advancement in technology the requirements are also increasing. So, in the field of wireless sensor networks a new concept has emerged and that is the concept of introducing middlewares in the networks. Middleware for WSN facilitates development and deployment of a large number of applications such as smart environments, weather forecasting, bridge monitoring, health applications, etc. for sensor networks. But due to resource constraints, unreliability of wireless connects, and diversity in available sensor hardware, middleware for WSN presents a number of new challenges. The most basic challenge is of energy conservation. In our thesis we have proposed a routing algorithm which is energy efficient but we have focused on the network in which there are nodes with middlewares. To conserve energy in this type of network is a critical issue. Because nodes with middlewares consume more power as they have more computation ability so it is a threat that they may run out of battery quickly. Since, the nodes running middlewares are the cluster heads so if their battery depletes a significant portion of the network may paralyze. Also, we have chosen the GPSR (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing) protocol and have used the clustered architecture.We have evaluated the performance of our algorithm by performing a series of simulations. The detailed series performance evaluation is carried out by changing the metrics like no. of nodes, the density of nodes, hop counts and packet loss.From simulation results we have showed that our routing algorithm performs better than the GPSR and it improves the energy efficiency of the routing approach with respect to the energy level. It also has performed better than GPSR in terms of packet loss rate and successfully transmitted packets and it can also prolong the lifetime of the sensor networks.