Researches On Clustering Routing Algorithm In Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a novel technology on information acquiring, information processing and communication.It is usually made by a considerable amount of distributed sensor network nodes which can be self-organized into multi-hop wireless networks.WSN can be networked flexible and efficiently,and is not bound by the cable network.It can be applied in many scenarios,such as emergency searching,disaster relief,military,medical treatment,etc.and has a broad application prospect.WSN has drawn great attention in academic circles and industrial community,and is regarded as one of the most promising technologies in the 21st century.WSN differs from traditional wireless network in several ways:energy constraints,redundant low-rate data,many-to-one flows.Energy efficiency is the main performance metric of WSN.According to analysis of the energy management strategy in WSN,the main factors of energy consumption are data sensing,data processing and radio communication,and radio communication is the major consumer of energy among them.Although energy efficiency can be improved at various layers of the communication protocol stack,however,due to limitations of fundamental physical layer,improved mainly focused on the protocol design and implement of network layer.The researchers agreed that the clustering is an effective energy conservation scheme in WSN.This paper is dedicated to the research on WSN clustering routing algorithm. On the basis of the comparison and analysis of the sensor network routing protocols,this paper designs three separate routing protocols as follows from the perspective of lifetime of entire network,the further improvement of the LEACH protocol,an energy-heterogeneous clustering routing algorithm,uneven cluster-based multi-hop routing algorithm.In order to verify the effectiveness of the work,we evaluate the function and performance of these three protocols by using the network simulation tools NS-2.27(Network Simulator 2.27).The main work and innovations are listed as follows,1.Based on the related information searched,the WSN architecture and characteristics are researched,and the existing WSN routing protocols are also given a profound analysis.2.The existing sensor network routing protocols are classified and compared in this paper.According to the applications sensitivity to different characteristics of the sensor network,the existing routing protocols are classified and given a detailed analysis.Then by comparing the performance of the existing WSN routing protocols,we find that the cluster-based routing protocols are more effective than the others.They are able to effectively balance the entire sensor network energy,and prolong the network lifetime. 3.Propose an improved protocol based on LEACH.This paper improves both the cluster head election and the cluster formation process of LEACH,and proposes an Adaptive and Distributed Clustering protocol ADCP.In the process of the cluster head election,several candidate heads are elected according to the residual energy and the nodes density;In the process of cluster formation plain nodes select to join the cluster according to the distance between them with candidate heads and whether the load is balance or not.The algorithm can distribute cluster heads approximately average only by using local information;ADCP is distributed and energy efficient.The simulation results demonstrate that the network lifetime using ADCP is much longer than the network using LEACH.This algorithm better suits the periodical data gatering applications.4.Propose an Energy-Heterogeneous Clustering algorithm EHC.Not all the sensor nodes are the same configuration in practice,so this paper proposes EHC.A cluster head competition mechanism is proposed in the protocol,its control cost is very little and it ensures the cluster heads are distributed uniformly;by introducing a new cluster head competition parameter,the protocol can effectively deal with the problems of nodes energy heterogeneous,and can prolong the network lifetime;the protocol has a good scheduling function without additional costs,avoiding the unnecessary communication cost caused by the nodes redundancy.The simulation results demonstrate that EHC can be better applied in heterogeneous sensor networks.5.Propose a Uneven Cluster-based Multi-Hop routing algorithm UCMH.In order to solve the"hot spot"problem caused by multi-hop communication of the cluster heads,the paper proposes UCMH.Its core is the energy efficient uneven clustering algorithm which is used to organize network topology,the candidate heads form uneven clusters through using uneven competition area.The clusters close to the base station are smaller than the clusters away from the base station,so the cluster heads near the base station can reserve energy for data transmitting between clusters.The simulation results demonstrate that the routing protocol effectively balances the energy consumption of cluster heads,and significantly prolongs the network lifetime.