Synthesis,Characterizations And Physical Properties Of One-dimensional SnO₂ Nanomaterial

SnO₂ nanowire and SnO₂ shuttle arrays were synthesized by thermal evaporation, respectively. These two products were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These characterizations all indicate that both products are rutile structure, and their growth directions are [110] and [010], respectively.We discussed the growth mechanism of SnO₂ one-dimensional (1D) material and found out that these two kinds of 1D materials follow the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanisms. Especially, we concentrated on the growth mechanism of shuttle structure because this kind of structure is very interesting. It's found that the deposition temperature plays a very important role in determining the structure of 1D nanomaterial and the shuttle nanostructure is induced by the three different temperature periods during the reaction process. Most importantly, the structure of 1D material can be changed by adjusting the deposition temperature and other two kinds of 1D structure can be synthesized. These investigations indicate that the growth of 1D nanomaterials can be well controlled and also enlarge our vision of the growth of 1D nanomaterials.In order to investigate the application of nano-electronics based on 1D material, we performed the measurements of electrical properties for a single SnO₂ nanowire and found out that the SnO₂ nanowire is an n-type semiconductor; Schottky diode can be produced by depositing two kinds of electrodes: Pt and Ti/Au, on a single SnO₂ nanowire, which is important in fabricating nano-device and nano-circuit. Furthermore, a single SnO₂ nanowire was also used as gas sensor in detecting NO₂, NH₃ and H₂O, it presents excellent performance in response time, sensitivity and repeatability.The field electron emission properties of SnO₂ shuttle structures are also studied in this paper and it's found out that this nanostructure of SnO₂ has a good performance in FEE.