A Study On The Administrative Division Of The State - Level Cities In The Two Cities Of The Southern Song Dynasty

The paper selects two cases of Jiaxing and Huzhou, and had done deep and meticulous literature research and drew recovery from the ancient and modern with the method of Historical Urban-morphology Study; Taking the cities of Pinjiang,Jiande, Zhenjiang, Changzhou as the object, finally presented general picture of administrative division of prefecture in West Liangzhe Lu of South Song, the main contents are as follows:In the first chapter,the destruction and rebuilding of the city walls of both Jiaxing and Huzhou of the Yuan Dynasty was researched, and the city walls of Song Dynasty was restored. The new city wall of JiaXing which was built at the time of the Late Yuan and Early Ming had been cut down one corner, beside the other part was built on the foundation of the wall of Song Dynasty so as to save time and labor cost and improve defense ability.In the second chapter,the administrative area of Jiaxing of South Song Dynasty was researched.Using the historical urban-morphology method,and combining with the palinspastic map of historical plane space of Jiaxing and related historical documents,this paper studied the“Fang”in Jiaxing to restoration the street and“Fang”block of the city in Ming and Qing Dynasties.Then through further observing the actual shape of"Fang"in the Song,Yuan and the early Ming Dynasties,it could be drawed that the"Fang"in historical documents of Song and Yuan Dynasties represented as in“ZhiYuan Jiahe Zhi”(《至元嘉禾志》)actually was the combination of street and memorial archway.The area of“Fang”in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was in some way transformed from the“Jie”in the Song Dynasty,Except the“Xiang”(厢)which was responsible for police patrol and fire control and so on,there were three level management structure of“Xiang”(乡),“Jie”and“Fang”exsited in Jiaxing county of Jiaxing city in the Song Dynasty.The third chapter found that the full text of Fang XiangZhou Zhi《坊巷·州治》that was the second volume of Jiatai Wuxing Zhi《嘉泰吴兴志》copied from Yongle canon《永乐大典》was copied wrong as the text of Wuxing Xu Zhi《吴兴续志》by the scholar in Qing Dynasty.According to this material criticism,the actual shape of"Fang"in the late Southern Song Dynasty was reconstructed,which was the street with"PaiFang"(牌坊)on the street corner.Meanwhile,based on the restoration ofthe plane form of broad walls in Huzhou in Song Dynasty, we backdated the restoration of the "boundary" of Huzhou City District in Song Dynasty from the Ming and Qing Dynasty, and we can conclude that the "Jie" in Huzhou city was not the nickname of "Fang", it was “Li”( 里) in the city, which was the basic unit of“Xiang( 乡)” for tax levy within the city walls and the primary division of“Xiang(厢)” for police patrol and fire control.The fourth chapter is the transverse study of the other important cities.The Map of Pingjiang City《平江图》and The Map of Jiande City《建德府内外城图》had been used with the historical data to complete the palinspastic map of administrative area and the shape of“Fang”of these two cities.It could be drawed that“Fang”were always concentrated in the great market,Pingjiang city inherited the Xiang-Fang system of Tang Dynasty,and set up the“Xiang”(厢)block which were responsible for police patrol and fire control.Besides,it also showed that the four cities above had the double administration system just as Jiaxing and Huzhou.The paper believes:different from the“XiangFang-zhi”which was held by academic circles,the administrative division of prefecture in West Liangzhe Lu of South Song generally was divided into three levels,the first was the“Fang”block or village affiliated with county adhered to city(附郭县)and“Xiang”(厢)affiliated to Bingma-si.The second was Li,Jie,Jing(井)and so on administered by“Xiang”(乡)or Fuguo-xian.The third was grassroots square,——lane and street.This dual administrative division could be regarded as the one of the important measures in the Song Dynasty to divide the local authority that the rights of judicial and financial allegiance were to Fuguo-xian and the military command to Bingma-si.