A Study On The Military Expedition Of Zhahar In Eight Banners Of The Qing Dynasty

In 1634, after the elimination of the Northern Yuan regime, Later Jin put the majority Caqar tribe into Eight Banners. At the same time, Eje was appointed as Heshuo Prince and jasay-banner was set up. In 1675, Qing Dynasty canceled the jasay-banner because of Burni rebellion, which resulted in Caqar Eight Banners was tightly under the control of the Qing court. Caqar Eight Banners’politics, military and production were trinity. They did production in peacetime while went to wars for military needs. Caqar was famous of bravery and regarded as a strong military power which always got highly praised by rulers. There were wars happened frequently in Qing and Caqar Eight Banners had to go to war or garrison for that. In those cases, they made important contributions to maintaining the national unity and political stability.Based on previous research, this article takes advantage of official documents of Qing Dynasty, archive documents, war strategy and other data. Starting with military campaign in accordance with the characters of war classification, this article systematically discusses the war history that Caqar Eight Banners took part-- as in the unified war, the consolidated war, the anti-imperialist war and the garrison in Xinjiang Caqar--in order to spotlight the outstanding contribution Caqar Eight Banners made to safeguard the national unity. This article consists of four parts: Introduction, main text, Conclusion and Reference.The Introduction includes the origin and the significance of this topic, research status, difficulties and research methods. In main text, Chapter ⅠI summarizes the formation and characteristics of Caqar Eight Banners, including Banners’ process, classification, bureaucracy developmental system and particularity. As the core of the article, Chapter Ⅱ-Ⅴ focus on Caqars military war and the situation of frontier garrison. Chapter Ⅱ discusses the history that Caqar Eight Banners participated in the unified war of Qing Dynasty. Chapter Ⅲ discusses the history that Caqar took part in the war of consolidating the Qing power. Chapter Ⅳ discusses the anti-imperialist aggression war. Researching from Caqar’s soldier number, wars’processes, their military exploits and other aspects, those three chapters highlight Caqar’s contribution to the maintenance of national unity. Chapter Ⅴ discusses the history that Caqar Eight Banners migrated westward to Xinjiang for frontier garrison, mainly including their migrating process, management issues, livelihood issues, military tasks, dedication to that region, etc. The Conclusion summarizes the situations when Caqar Eight Banners joined battles, analyzes the reasons why they were so brave and skillful in warfare, and makes a brief study of their treatment and social status.